司法鉴定在道路交通安全法实施中的运用

司法鉴定是对案件真实情况进行鉴别和判断并作出鉴定结论的科学认识活动 ,结合道路交通安全法的实施 ,司法鉴定在交通肇事案件中依法、公平和客观的处理各类交通肇事和违法案件 ,显得越来越重要和不可替代。     

雇主不当劳动行为的民事救济——基于我国和美国不当劳动行为救济制度之比较

我国《工会法》第52条规定的责令雇主承担不当劳动行为的民事责任,与美国《国家劳资关系法》第10(c)条的规定看起来很相似,相比之下,这一规范在美国劳动法的实践中很有效,在我国却极少被适用,解释方面也存在较大的分歧。美国是世界上最早创设不当劳动行为救济制度的国家,从《瓦格纳法》规定的雇主不当劳动行为的禁止规范及救济措施,到《塔夫托—哈特莱法》将适用对象扩大到工会和雇员,在雇用自由原则和劳资自治模式的背景下,其演变始终以保护雇员团结权的松紧程度和收放态度为线索。我国《工会法》现正处于第三次修改阶段,适时检讨第52条的解释和适用的障碍,还可以解决其与《劳动合同法》规范的竞合问题。     

对《公务员法》“违法命令不执行”条款的思考

《中华人民共和国公务员法》“违法命令不执行”条款规定的“违法命令”应该既包括具体行政命令,也包括抽象行政命令。但是该条款表述模糊,有可能导致执行中的混乱,可借鉴有关国家的规定予以改进。对于抽象违法命令不执行的情况在实践中可能存在潜在的困境,可以在适当的时候考虑扩大“违法命令”的范围,把规章纳入其中,从而赋予行政机关对于规章规范直接的选择适用权。     

Divorcing Responsibly

In this article I argue that Part II of the Family LawAct 1996 gives expression to a new form ofresponsibility. I begin by suggesting thatresponsible behaviour has shifted from prohibiting orrequiring particular actions: we now exhibitresponsibility by our attitude towards our actions. I then examine where this new conception ofresponsibility has come from. Through an examinationof the work of post-liberal theorists, principallyMichael Sandel, I argue that a changing view ofpersonhood within post-liberal theory has led to aquestioning of the possibility of choice, and that theabsence of choice necessitates a shift in thedefinition of responsible behaviour. If we are createdby our decisions then we cannot be held to account forour decisions, but only for the care we have takenover them. Responsibility is therefore measured notby our level of self-control but by our level ofself-awareness. Finally I examine the consequences ofthis shift in the meaning of responsibility. Withinthis framework autonomy is illusory thereforedecisions do not need to be respected. This explainswhy the implementation of Part II of the Family LawAct 1996 has been called into question. Within thisframework responsibility is relative therefore itextends indefinitely. This enables the Family Law Actto be uniquely intrusive and judgmental: everydivorcing couple, on being held up to scrutiny, isfound lacking.     

Finger in the Dyke or the Floodgates Stemmed? Sections 29–40 of the Employment Act 2002

This article considers Sections 29–40 of the Employment Act 2002 in the context of post-War developments in labour relations culminating in the National Industrial Relations Court. It considers the development of Employment Tribunal which rather than being the last resort intended by the legislators, has become the first resort of complainants, often for trivial matters by employees; or by employers taking an extremely broad view of Gross Misconduct by employees. Due to the volume of cases and the shortage of Chairs, cases are constantly delayed and postponed. The article posits that these are the principle reason behind the framing of Sections 29–40 of the Employment Act 2002 which introduced a new Section 9(1)(a) into the Employment Tribunals Act 1995. This has given the Chair of an Employment Tribunal the authority to strike out a weak case at a Pre-Hearing Review that will strike the case out once and for all at this juncture. The aim is to encourage employers to have proper procedures and for employees to follow them. This article suggests that in fact the reforms will have the opposite effect; that they have introduced another layer of legal complexity which will further increase the number of cases brought before the Employment Tribunal.     

大数据时代日本个人信息保护法探究

个人信息本来是极其隐私的事物,在大数据时代却时刻处于"裸奔"状态,时刻面临被侵犯的风险。特别在新冠肺炎疫情防控中,大数据技术发挥了重要作用,个人信息保护再次引起关注。整体而言,日本个人信息保护法以"个人优先"与"公共优先"的宗旨博弈为出发点,以"个人信息"的概念界定为基础,以个人信息权的保护为核心,以个人信息保护机构的独立设置为落脚点,为个人信息的保护奠定了基础。我国应当积极行动起来,尽快颁布《个人信息保护法》,助力大数据时代个人信息保护和数字经济的发展。     

卧底侦查特征性分析

任意侦查与强制侦查的划分标准、卧底侦查遵循的比例原则及卧底侦查的立法与实践都显示出卧底侦查的强制性特点。而卧底侦查人员身份的隐秘与卧底侦查方式的非公开性决定了卧底侦查的隐秘性特征。从卧底侦查启动与犯罪的同步性上看,卧底侦查具有主动性特征。而卧底侦查过程中对其他侦查手段的综合性运用则彰显出卧底侦查手段的融合性特点。卧底侦查客观环境的复杂性与卧底警察在卧底过程中的被动性决定了卧底侦查行动终止的不可预期性,即终止具有随机性特点。     

台湾“行政程序法”制定公布十年之实施经验——为大陆行政程序法起草工作提供借鉴

台湾“行政程序法”于1999年2月3日公布,2001年1月1日起施行。依据台湾“行政程序法”第l条规定：“为使行政行为遵循公正、公开与民主之程序,确保依法行政之原则,以保障人民权益,提高行政效能,增进人民对行政之信赖,特制定本法”。台湾“行政程序法”之内容分为“总则”、“行政处分”、“行政契约”、“法规命令及行政规则”、“行政计画”、“行政指导”、“陈情”与“附则”等八章,共175条。自1999年2月3日公布至今,除于2000年12月27日及2001年6月20日两度修正公布第174条之1有关职权命令失效日期之规定,2005年12月28日配合政府资讯公开法之公布施行删除第44条、第45条之规定外,其余条文均未变动。台湾“行政程序法”实施之成效,包括强化民权保障、深化民主原则、贯彻依法行政、提高行政效能、增进人民对行政之信赖、行政法总论之法典化等。晚近,大陆倡议制定行政程序法之呼声不断。本文拟略述台湾“行政程序法”之立法沿革、主要内容、实施成效、所遏问题,期能为大陆行政程序法起草工作提供借鉴。     

论间接正犯实行着手

间接正犯实行的着手是实行行为着手的一种特殊形态,故对此问题的研究既应以实行行为着手的一般理论为依据,还必须充分考虑其特殊性。以实行行为着手的一般特征为依据,同时对间接正犯的特殊性进行深入分析,结合刑法的谦抑主义精神,可以得出间接正犯的着手应采纳“被利用者说”的结论。