《国家赔偿法》修订后的几大亮点

历经十五年争议的《国家赔偿法》终于修订颁布,新法在归责原则、执法机关的举证责任、刑事拘留导致赔偿的责任确定、公民的精神损害赔偿、民主与平等精神、赔偿程序的合理规范等六个方面较之从前有很大完善,标志着我国宪政制度的巨大进步以及对人权保障的提升。     

Human Rights and Unfair Dismissal: Private Acts in Public Spaces

This article addresses the termination of employment because of the conduct of the employee in her leisure time, in the light of the right to private life. It explores the impact on the retention of employment of activities taking place outside the workplace and outside working hours, and argues that the approach of UK courts and tribunals, which is based on a primarily spatial conceptualisation of privacy, is flawed. A fresh approach to privacy, resting on the idea of domination, is proposed, which is sensitive to the particularities of the employment relationship. Considering the fairness enquiry in dismissal, it argues that off‐duty conduct may lead to lawful termination of employment only if there is a clear and present impact or a high likelihood of such impact on business interests; a speculative and marginal danger does not suffice. It further proposes that a particularly meticulous test is appropriate when certain suspect categories, such as the employees' sexual preferences, are at stake.     

我国惩治黑社会性质组织犯罪的刑法完善——兼论对《刑法修正案(八)(草案)》相关条款的修改建议

现行《刑法》关于黑社会性质组织犯罪的规定在司法实践中存在着理解和认定上的困难,已经不能适应惩治黑社会性质组织犯罪的新要求,有必要重视重庆打黑除恶专项斗争中暴露出的刑法规定上的不足,对《刑法修正案(八)(草案)》的相关规定予以评述并提出相应的修改建议。当前,我国没有必要制定单独的反黑社会性质组织犯罪法律。在修订《刑法》第294条时,应当区别对待组织、领导者和积极参加者、一般参加者,并设置相应的刑罚,同时应当增设第294条之一以界定黑社会性质组织。对于所有黑社会性质组织犯罪均应增设财产刑,并提高包庇、纵容黑社会性质组织犯罪的法定刑。此外,不宜将黑社会性质组织犯罪规定为特殊累犯,而应当规定为特别再犯,并提高黑社会性质组织犯罪的缓刑、减刑和假释适用标准。     

不可撤销具体行政行为研究——确认违法判决适用情形之局限及补正

不可撤销具体行政行为的理论基础是行政行为的合法性评价与有效性评价的可分性以及效力的相对性与可分性,包括效力评价不可能的具体行政行为和效力评价无必要的具体行政行为。它是确认违法判决的适用对象,但现行有关确认违法判决适用情形的规定存在较大的局限性,如“不具有可撤销内容”表述的不科学性,“公共利益”规定的武断性,且忽视了个人利益遭受重大损失的可能性。应根据不可撤销具体行政行为理论修改完善有关规定。     

The Research On the Juristic Acts System of The General Principles of Civil Law

The theory of juristic acts is the core content of the General Principles of Civil Code, and the perfection of the legal norms is one of the main tasks of the General Principles of Civil Code of PRC. Based on the theory of juristic acts, this paper gave a detailed review of all the legal norms about juristic acts in the new General Principles of Civil Code of PRC. The author believes that the General Principles of Civil law of PRC have made great progress in the definition of juristic act, the basic values behind it, the implementation and effectiveness of the declaration of intention, and the validity system of juristic acts. At the same time, the article also pointed out that this General Principles of Civil Code still needs second consideration or perfection in this field, including the selection of terminology, the effect of persons with limited capacity of juristic acts, the rules about the error in the declaration of intention, the adoption of rules aboutunilateral false declaration of intention, the optimization of the validity system of invalid juristic acts etc. This paper put forward a series of concrete and practical perfection plans, looking forward to be useful for further improvement of the General Principles and the codification of other parts of the civil law.     

Autonomy, guardianship and mental disorder: one problem, two solutions

The law in England and Wales governing both the provision of medical care in the case of adults with incapacity and the provision of care and treatment for mental disorder presents serious problems for the principle of patient autonomy. The adult with incapacity has no competence either to consent to or refuse medical treatment but the law provides no statutory structure for substitute decision making on that adult's behalf. On the other hand the law does allow a person with mental disorder to be treated for that disorder despite his or her competent refusal. The nature of these inconsistencies is considered and the implications which flow from the singling out of mental disorder are examined with reference to experience in two Australian jurisdictions. The current proposals for reform of the Mental Health Act are then considered in the light of the conclusions drawn.     

《反恐法》中的境外反恐问题研究

恐怖主义犯罪已成为当今世界各国面临的头号安全问题。恐怖主义犯罪不仅造成严重的人员伤亡、财产损失,还对民族团结和国家统一带来了恶劣影响。为此,我国颁布了《反恐怖主义法》以严厉打击恐怖主义犯罪。其中,境外反恐成为一大亮点。境外反恐具有多方面的必要性。当前,我国在境外反恐上存在反恐合法性、管辖权、恐怖主义犯罪认定与程序、证据交换、境外侦查与引渡等现实难题。对此,我们可以通过建立新型反恐刑事司法合作机制,完善国内立法与司法,以及加强与他国反恐合作等方式予以解决。     

试论一类程序违法行政案件的判决——兼析《行政诉讼法》新司法解释第57、58、59条

对于程序违法但不可撤销或者重作的具体行政行为应如何处理 ,一直是司法机关难以解决的一个实际问题。结合新颁布的《最高人民法院关于执行〈中华人民共和国行政诉讼法〉若干问题的解释》,针对该种违法具体行政行为的 ,可采用几种判决方式 :(1 )判决被诉行政机关采取相应的补救措施 ;(2 )如果已给公民、法人或其他组织造成了损害 ,判决行政机关依法作出行政赔偿 ;(3 )判决被诉行政机关向行政相对方公开赔礼道歉 ;(4 )向被告和有关行政机关提出给予主要行政责任人员行政处分的司法建议 ;(5 )发现违法犯罪行为的 ,建议有权机关依法处理。     

治安管理处罚法实施中存在的问题与对策探析

治安管理处罚法的颁布实施，标志着公安机关在新时期办理治安案件及处理相关治安问题有法可依。然而，在该法实施过程中，也逐步显现出立法上的一些不足。文章针对该法在立法上与实践工作中存在的突出问题及解决对策作了进一步的探讨与分析。