Validation of Half‐Reaction Amplification Using Promega PowerPlex® 16*

Abstract: DNA amplification is a fundamental yet costly process used in DNA analysis. This study evaluated half‐reaction amplification (12.5, 12, and 13 uL) using the Promega Powerplex^® 16 Kit with the hope of reducing sample analysis costs by half. A sensitivity study was completed, along with the testing of various blood stain samples including those with low (<0.40 ng) and high DNA concentrations (>3.0 ng), peak height imbalances, and allelic drop‐out. Also, 467 samples submitted to the MUFSC laboratory for testing were analyzed. Results indicate that half‐reaction amplification produced higher quality profiles than full‐reactions. Average peak heights increased by 85%, peak height imbalances improved, and drop‐out was eliminated in 75.8% of samples. Only eight of 467 case samples required re‐amplification, a success rate of 94% was observed, and the repeat rate decreased significantly. Finally, a DNA input of 0.25–1.0 ng is ideal for half‐reaction amplification.     

Evaluation of the cognitive intervention programme ‘A New Direction’ targeting young offenders in Sweden

The treatment of offenders has changed from focusing on risk management to also emphasizing salutogenic experiences as a protective factor. The programme ‘A New Direction’ involves cognitive intervention combining the above-mentioned approaches to treat young criminals and young persons at risk of developing a criminal lifestyle. In evaluating this programme, 61 participants from the Swedish social services and youth care facilities were divided into two treatment groups and two control groups. All participants were subjected to pre- and post-measurements using two questionnaires: the Psychological Inventory of Criminal Thinking Styles (PICTS) and the Sense of Coherence (SOC-13). The two treatment groups followed the programme during one week and 9–30 weeks, respectively, with the control groups measured at approximately the corresponding time intervals. The results show reduced PICTS from high to low levels and increased SOC only for the multi-week treatment group. Although the recidivism analysis revealed a greater reduction of convicted offences in the multi-week treatment group compared with the control group, the finding is tentative because of small sample sizes. To conclude, cognitive intervention shows promise for reducing criminal thinking patterns and increasing sense of coherence, which may have beneficial effects on the behaviour of young offenders.     

复杂性视角下公共危机多元主体协同治理行为的影响因素与行动路径——基于元分析与模糊集QCA的双重分析

在复杂环境下准确识别多元主体参与公共危机治理行为的关键因素是促进我国公共危机协同治理的基础.学界已对此开展了大量实证研究,由于采用理论模型不同、前提假设与实证基础差异,导致这些研究的结论不尽一致;纵观现有研究多为相关因素的分散性研究,缺少对多元主体协同治理行为多因素组合路径的探索.基于此,本研究首先运用元分析对2001...     

城郊农村群体性治安事件的行动分析--以村民聚众上访为例

近年来郊区农村农民聚众上访等群体性治安事件时有发生,对社会治安秩序和安定造成了较大的威胁和破坏.深入分析影响此类治安事件形成发展的社会因素,探究农民聚众上访的行动选择及其社会效应,对于政府及其公安机关积极预防与妥善处置此类事件有着重要意义.     

侦查课案例讨论教学价值的实现初探

案例讨论教学的效果,受案例质量、教学组织和方法等因素影响。在侦查课案例讨论教学中,这些方面都不同程度地存在问题,要充分实现案例讨论教学的价值,必须努力提高案例质量,形成系统的训练案例体系,加强随堂案例训练,改进案例讨论的教学方法,发挥教师引导作用,并做到精心讲评,讲练结合。     

军事斗争行为的法律分析

随着科技的发展,在国际范围的军事斗争行为中,个人也逐渐成了其法律关系的主体之一,战争权不再是国家的绝对权利,作为国际法的正常主体要负法律责任。从国内法角度看,法与军事斗争具有阶级同源性,它们的政治本质相通,社会作用也相同,虽然某些军事斗争行为不仅具备犯罪构成的外部特性,也确实侵害了法律所保护的利益,但由于其特殊性,行为主体阻却违法应成立。在国际社会中,19世纪式的人道主义干涉现已被国际法确认为非法,并且联合国对一国采取军事斗争行为的合法性条件作了明确规定。     

商标侵权案件中重复起诉的识别

商标侵权案件中重复起诉的识别主要体现在当事人相同的识别和诉讼标的的识别。当事人相同的识别要区分商标许可和商品流通两个环节。商标许可中当事人是否相同以许可人和被许可人之间形成的共同诉讼或诉讼担当来识别;商品流通中当事人是否相同以被诉侵权商品的生产者在前案中的责任范围来识别。诉讼标的的识别以实体法律规范为依据,从前后两案的诉请保护的商标是否同一、商品类别是否同一、被诉侵权标识是否同一来确定,当三者同一时可以认定为同一诉讼标的,商品型号和商品系列不构成识别诉讼标的的要素。商标侵权重复起诉的识别还应当关注停止侵权民事责任的效力等因素。     

Clientelism and Control: PAP’s Fight for Safety in GE2015

Abstract

This article looks at the reasons the People’s Action Party (PAP) secured its decisive victory in the 2015 general election. The discussion examines the impact of the campaign and pre-election period on voting behaviour. While the opposition’s performance before and during the campaign reactivated its core supporters, the PAP’s control of the political narrative, rejuvenation of its grassroots machinery and effective use of resources provided an advantage that was instrumental in their electoral success. Most Singaporeans had decided how they would vote before the campaign began. Despite perceptions that the election was about the economy and the nationalist rhetoric associated with Singapore’s 50th anniversary and the passing of statesman Lee Kuan Yew, the argument in the paper suggests that the 2015 election provides insights into the breadth of clientelist politics in Singapore and how important state patronage and the control of the state are for holding on to political power in the city-state.     

试论“有奖发票”制度中三方法律关系的性质——兼与李燕女士商榷

“有奖发票”在我国有些省市发展迅速,但在全国尚未形成统一制度,学界对其法律关系的性质认识不一,其法律关系涉及三方。税务机关和经营者之间是行政法律关系,具体来讲是行政征收关系。经营者和消费者之间是经济法律关系。税务机关与消费者之间,“有奖发票”本身是行政指导行为,“兑奖行为”是行政行为。     

第一哲学与伦理学——对莱布尼茨《单子论》的实践哲学解读

以前的教科书上一般都把近代的形而上学说成是以"认识论"作为第一哲学的"知性而上学",通过对莱布尼茨<单子论>的解读发现,<单子论>根本不是一部认识论的著作,而是一种典型的"实体论"形而上学.这种实体论又不是以"已成"实体来构成单纯外在物体世界或内在灵魂世界的机械论形而上学,而是以内在行动为原则赋予实体本身以内在的生命运动,从而在实体的生命运动过程中从"自然世界"开辟出一个"道德世界"的实践的形而上学.从这种实践的形而上学蕴含的伦理一政治维度中,我们可以发现这种形而上学的现代性意义,同时它也处在第一哲学与伦理学之关系转变的起点上.由此我们可以看出,真正的形而上学之可能性不在其自身的实体构造上,而在伦理学中.莱布尼茨这样做了,却无能对此获得明确的意识,他的形而上学不可避免地还带有知性形而上学的独断性,因此他不得不承当旧形而上学的骂名.