Explaining United States–China relations: neoclassical realism and the nexus of threat–interest perceptions

How to understand and explain the evolutions as well as predict the future directions of bilateral relations between the United States and China has become an imperative task for both policy makers and academic scholars. Borrowing insights from neoclassical realism, this paper suggests a three-stage, perceptual model of ‘threat–interest’ to explore the dynamics of Sino–US relations from 1949 to 2015. It argues that the nature of US–China relations, either cooperation or competition, is mainly shaped by the perceptions of leaders regarding security threats and economic interests between the two nations. How to manage their perceptions regarding each other and how to find a balance between cooperation and competition are the key issues for leaders in both the United States and China to manage bilateral relations in the future. The next decade or two may be the best or the worst times for US–China relations.     

Course corrections and failed rationales: how comparative advantage and debt are used to legitimise austerity in Africa and Latin America

This article examines the role of ideological mechanisms in support of long-term economic liberalisation. Specifically we examine the ideological roles of comparative advantage and debt reduction as precursors to austerity policy imposition. Austerity policies, as episodic mechanisms designed to deepen neoliberalisation, are examined in the comparative historical context of Africa and Latin America.     

A question of trust: military defection during regime crises in Benin and Togo

This article examines the role of trust between military officers and opposition forces in fostering mass defections of military personnel during pro-democracy uprisings. The current literature on military defection emphasizes the role of either opposition characteristics, or government control policies. Combining the two, however, takes better account of defection as an interaction between officers and the opposition. Through an analysis of civil–military relations during mass uprisings in Benin (1989–1990) and Togo (1990–1993), this article finds that loyalist stacking creates a core of military personnel with a strong stake in regime preservation, while counterbalancing leaves open the possibility for a military-opposition alliance. Alliance also depends on civic resistance campaign characteristics (the unity of the movement, its nonviolent character, the presence of opposition leaders with social ties to military personnel) and promises to military personnel that acknowledge the latter groups’ interests. These findings provide a new theoretical framework for understanding military actions during regime crises.     

Rechtsanwälte,Disziplinarrecht, Werbung,Meinungsäußerungsfreiheit

Die zugrundeliegende Disziplinarstrafbestimmung ist hinreichend bestimmt. Eine demokratische Gesellschaft kann die inkriminierte Werbung hinnehmen, ohne dass der Schutz des guten Rufes oder das Ansehen und die Unparteilichkeit der Rsp Schaden erleiden. Die Disziplinarstrafe verletzt die Bf im Grundrecht auf Meinungs?u?erungsfreiheit, indem die bel Beh dem Gesetz einen verfassungswidrigen Inhalt unterstellt hat.     

Zur Pflicht eines Geschäftsführers einer KG,behördliche Zustellungen zu ermöglichen

Es finden sich keine gesetzlichen Grundlagen, aus denen sich ein allgemeiner Grundsatz ableiten lie?e, es sei im gesch?ftlichen Verkehr generell von jedem Empf?nger zu verlangen, stets auf beh?rdliche Zustellungen gefasst zu sein und für eine Nachsendung oder Vertretung Vorsorge zu treffen, andernfalls die Wirkungen einer wirksamen Zustellung eintreten. Die Pflicht, die für Zustellungen ma?gebliche Gesch?ftsanschrift zum Firmenbuch anzumelden, ist nur mit Schadenersatzansprüchen gegen den Gesch?ftsführer sanktioniert.     

复合扩增A10、C4基因座遗传多态性及法医学意义

目的　建立复合扩增A10、C4基因座的体系 ,研究其在法医学检验中的应用价值。方法　生物学样本用Chelex - 10 0的方法提取DNA ,荧光标记的特异性引物复合扩增A10、C4基因座 ,用ABI 310 0遗传分析仪对扩增产物进行检测分型。结果　A10、C4基因座各检出 6个等位基因 ,GD值分别为 0 .6 86 ,0 .84 6 .共检出 2 3种单倍型 ,其单倍型的个体识别率为 0 .9184。扩增女性DNA ,均无特异性扩增产物 ;调查 30个二代家系 ,均未观察到突变基因的存在。结论　A10、C4复合扩增体系多态性较高 ,对法医学中男女混合检材的个人识别及父系亲缘关系鉴定有较高的应用价值。     

10+3≠3+10:不同理论视域中的东亚区域合作

国际关系理论中的不同流派,由于看问题的视角不同,面对同一事物,其所看到的景象也不一样.对同一个以"10 3"为核心的东亚区域合作,建构主义学者看到的是其乐融融的规则建构景象,而现实主义学者看到的则是暗中较劲的权力之争.虽然有如此的不同,但二者对国家利益的强调,还是为我们调和二者的看法提供了线索.     

荧光标记3个miniSTR基因座复合扩增系统的建立

目的建立扩增片段<135bp,包括D5S818,D8S1179,D16S539 3个miniSTR基因座复合扩增系统。方法采用不同荧光染料标记引物,通过PCR扩增,利用ABI 3100遗传分析仪进行片段长度分析,对100份无关个体血样,10个家系样本以及30份高度降解检材进行检测。结果本系统DNA分型结果与AmpFLSTR Identifiler试剂盒完全一致,且灵敏度高于AmpFLSTR Identifiler试剂盒。结论本系统可以应用于个人识别和亲权鉴定,为降解DNA样本分型提供了新的方法。     

侦查效益及其保障机制研究

侦查效益是由侦查资源稀缺,市场经济和法律经济学的影响和侦查工作面临的现实困境所引发的,作为一个理论分析工具,侦查效益所强调的是侦查破案的快慢程度、侦查破案数量的多少以及在侦查过程中各种资源的利用程度和节省程度。在评判侦查效益时,我国应当以侦查目的、侦查程序正义和侦查成本为标准,而要在我国体现侦查效益,则涉及到整个制度的变迁,其具体的保障机制应当是建立精干的侦查队伍,强化基础业务建设和建立“争取把更多的案件处置在始发阶段”的侦查机制。     

Scale 8 Elevations on the MMPI-2 among Women Survivors of Childhood Sexual Abuse: Evaluating Posttraumatic Stress, Depression, and Dissociation as Predictors

This paper investigated elevations on Scale 8 of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 (MMPI-2) in women survivors of childhood sexual abuse (CSA) in order to assess whether symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder, depression, or dissociation account for such elevations. Participants were 73 women seeking outpatient treatment for CSA after-effects at a university-based community mental health center. A stepwise multiple regression analysis was conducted, including measures of commonly reported symptoms in CSA survivors: depression, posttraumatic stress, and dissociation. Regression analyses revealed that the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and Dissociative Experiences Scale (DES) accounted for the most variance in Scale 8 scores (59%), with the BDI as the best predictor. The Impact of Event Scale (IES) did not predict Scale 8 scores significantly above that achieved by the model above. Cross-validation results indicated good generalizability. Results suggest that depression and dissociation contribute most to scores on Scale 8. Implications of these findings for the clinical and empirical use of the MMPI-2 with CSA survivors are discussed.