Ombudsman for Bangladesh: Theory and Reality

Abstract

Although the term “Ombudsman” is a relatively unfamiliar term in Bangladesh in general, it is widely used and is a practiced technique of ensuring administrative accountability and transparency in western developed countries. The offices of Ombudsmen, as currently found in an increasing number of countries, are institutions of government design to meet the perceived needs as to both out come and process. Their objectives are to secure fairness, integrity, accountability and efficiency in public affairs, by methods conductive to promoting confidence in all institutions of the state. In reality the Ombudsman's office is seen as an institution, which has been established in regional jurisdictions in order to promote high standards of public administration and management, and to protect the right of citizens in their dealing with government. In this article, an attempt is made to analyze the role of the “Ombudsman” concept and why it is needed and how it can be institutionalized in Bangladesh. In doing so, the article has been divided into two parts. Part I discusses the conceptual framework of the Ombudsman while part II throws light on the prospects and problems of this concept in Bangladesh as attempts are being made to establish the office of the Ombudsman.     

浅析“钓鱼执法”的社会危害与防范对策

"钓鱼执法"的本质就是违法行政,其不仅破坏了执法公正,破坏了人与人之间的和谐信任,而且严重损害了政府的公信力。防范"钓鱼执法"行为发生的对策有:必须坚持依法行政;对执法部门进行正确政绩观的教育;提高执法人员的素质;建立健全长期有效的监督监察制度。     

刑事诉讼中精神病鉴定启动程序改革的实证分析

实践调查证明,当事人启动模式并非解决当前精神病鉴定启动程序中存在问题的直接药方.其现实路径是在现有专门机关启动的模式基础上加以适当的改革:一是在死刑案件中,建议实行准强制鉴定；二是对于普通刑事案件,保留并完善现行的公安司法机关委托鉴定模式,暂不赋予当事人初次委托鉴定的权利；三是应当明确规定公安司法机关决定是否启动精神病鉴定的标准和证明责任.     

涉及商业秘密的政府信息公开问题初探

涉及商业秘密的政府信息是法定的公开例外种类之一。与涉及国家秘密的政府信息属于强制例外不同,涉及商业秘密的政府信息,行政机关具有部分自由裁量权。然而,由于缺乏对“商业秘密”、“公共利益”等要件的界定,同时也没有明确行政机关对此类政府信息的审查程序,因此,在实践中存在较大争议,有必要对政府信息公开语境下的商业秘密界定、公开程序的操作设想以及此类信息中的可分割性原则的适用等问题进行研究。     

社会管理创新语境下城市图像监控系统的应用

城市图像监控系统增强了动态驾驭社会治安局势的能力,丰富了信息收集的手段渠道,完善了社会治安前端管理,延缓了警力投放压力,更是提高群众安全感和满意度的有效途径.公安机关要积极探索创新城市图像监控系统建设应用对策,规范系统运作模式,科学整合资源,完善应用工作机制,为提升社会治安防控能力服务.     

政府内部和外部的管理:不同的理论关注

行政学创立以来就包含着政府对内部和外部事务管理两个领域.行政学研究对两个领域区别的忽略造成了影响行政学发展的基础性缺陷.政府内部和外部行政管理有着不同的管理内容、特点和理论关注.从学理上明确两者之间的分野和定位,将为行政学研究趋近行政真实、指导行政实践开辟新进路.     

试论治安管理处罚种类的重构

治安管理处罚是公安机关依法强制剥夺违反治安管理行为人的人身自由、名誉、财产或其他权利的行政法律制裁。《治安管理处罚法》规定,治安管理处罚种类包括警告、罚款、行政拘留、吊销公安机关发放的许可证以及针对外国人的限期出境或者驱逐出境。治安管理处罚种类重构对治安管理处罚中的问题的解决、公安机关的依法行政、公民权利的保护以及处罚种类的多样性都具有重要的意义。针对警告、罚款、行政拘留等处罚种类执行适用中存在相关问题,应调整警告处罚的执行方式、建立罚款与拘留的转换易科制度以及增加＂社会服务罚＂和社区矫正两种治安管理处罚种类的重构建议。     

志愿服务的内涵、功能及模式简评

志愿服务是指不以营利为目的,经志愿服务组织安排,由志愿者实施的自愿帮助他人和服务社会的公益行为。志愿者行动是社会保障体系的重要组成部分,志愿精神是和谐社会核心价值观的集中体现,志愿服务是参与者实现自我教育和人格完善的载体。志愿者行动是外在激励与自我激励的共生与统一,正逐步呈现参与主体多元化、服务水准专业化、关注对象民生化趋势。     

Justice in Siberia: a case study of a lower criminal court in the city of Krasnoyarsk

Empirical investigation of justice administration udertaken in post-Soviet Russia has been insignificant. Consequently, there is a dearth of knowledge about realities of justice administration ‘on the ground’, at the level of districts or towns. The author's research project, an in depth empirical investigation of the activity of a single criminal court located in the Siberian city of Krasnoyarsk, represents a step toward filling this gap. This paper concludes that the rule of law has made rather limited inroads in the day-to-day operations of criminal courts in the Russian deep provinces. The correspondence between earnestly declared legal principles and the mundane reality of judicial practice is loose and at some junctions non-existent.     

Surviving Maurras: Jacques Maritain's Jewish Question

ABSTRACT

Crane's essay begins to engage the complex, polyvalent nature of the so-called Jewish Question in the early twentieth century by following closely the evolving ideas of a French intellectual who eventually emerged from his association with figures such as Action Française leader Charles Maurras to offer a sustained and vehement rejection of antisemitism, a rejection itself almost unheard of in respectable circles. The philosopher Jacques Maritain (1882–1973) has been identified as an extraordinarily philosemitic member of the Catholic intelligentsia in interwar France. Having broken with the anti-democratic and antisemitic Maurras in 1927, by the late 1930s Maritain established an international reputation as an outspoken anti-fascist and opponent of antisemitism. In response to the intensification of anti-Jewish prejudice in interwar Europe, he strove to advance a metahistorical understanding of what might be called the Sacred Jew in an era in which the racially hygienic construct of the Dirty Jew threatened to prevail in contexts ranging from the gutter to the drawing room to the classroom. But Maritain's recasting of the timely Jewish Question as the timeless Mystery of Israel amounted to just as much of an expression of the political-cultural anxieties of the interwar period as its racist and ever more eliminationist counterpart, articulated as the so-called Jewish Problem. Both removed the Jewish object of the question from the perspective of visible mundane reality and uncovered—or recovered—hidden apocalyptic secrets. Maritain's vision of Jewish identity in the modern world, as it developed in the 1920s and 1930s, thus proved inseparable from his negotiation of the personal and public crises of his time.