山西省青少年毒品犯罪的成因及防控对策

毒品犯罪已经成为全球性的难题,近年来有愈演愈烈之势。尽管山西省并非我国毒品违法犯罪的高发省份,但毒品违法犯罪中青少年群体的参与程度和危害后果却不容忽视。实践部门要加大毒品危害性宣传,提高全民禁毒意识,同时强化青少年毒品违法犯罪的抑控机制,加强对青少年毒品违法犯罪的综合治理。     

贩毒案件中的诱惑侦查之合法性分析

当前,受国际毒潮的影响,我国的毒品犯罪形势日趋严峻,毒品消费以及毒品犯罪给社会造成的危害日益严重。鉴于贩毒案件的特殊性,在现实的迫切需要下,侦查部门在贩卖毒品案件侦查中开始适用诱惑侦查措施。国内关于诱惑侦查的合法性讨论较多,但少有结合具体案件实践分析适用诱惑侦查措施是否合法。在贩卖毒品案件中适用诱惑侦查措施有其必要性,从实体法、程序法角度看也具备合法性。     

On Correcting Biases in Self-Reports of Age at First Substance Use with Repeated Cross-Section Analysis

Household survey data on age at first use of alcohol, tobacco, marijuana,and hard drugs can be biased due to sample selection and inaccuraterecall. One potential concern is attrition, whereby individuals who getinvolved with substance use at an early age become increasingly less likelyto be surveyed in successive years. A comparison of data from the NationalHousehold Survey on Drug Abuse (NHSDA) with data from a longitudinal studysuggested that attrition might have caused substantially less bias thandid forward telescoping, the inflating of age at first useover time. The evidence of forward telescoping was particularly pronouncedwith respect to age at first use of alcohol. This paper presents a procedurefor correcting the distribution of age at first use for forward telescoping(but not attrition) by viewing a portion of the NHSDA data collected insuccessive years as constituting a cohort study. Results are presented fromapplying this procedure with NHSDA data collected from 1982 to 1995 forrespondents born 1968–1973. The findings suggest that preventionprograms need to be introduced at an earlier age than would be indicatedby uncorrected retrospective data. Other implications are alsohighlighted.     

Risk and Protective Factors Associated with Alcohol,Cigarette, and Marijuana Use During Adolescence

The purpose of this study was to increase the knowledge base of adolescent substance use by examining the influences of risk and protective factors for specific substance use, namely alcohol, cigarettes, and marijuana. Participants included 271 adolescents and their primary caregivers referred for mental health services across North Carolina. A series of hierarchical multiple regressions showed that the relative influences of risk and protective factors differed depending on the target substance in some cases. History of parental felony predicted use of all 3 substances, although the direction of association was substance specific. Parental behavioral control (how families express and maintain standards of behavior) was predictive only of cigarette and marijuana use, not alcohol use. The different links among risk factors, protective factors, and specific substance use are discussed, and recommendations for both mental health and substance use professionals are offered.She received her M.A. in Psychology from Wake Forest University and is currently a doctoral student in Clinical Psychology at the University of North Carolina at Greensboro. Her major research interests include developmental pathways to aggressive behavior among females.An evaluator for the North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services, her major research interests include system of care intervention programming.She received her PhD in Clinical Psychology from Purdue University. Her major research interests include developmental psychopathology and early intervention.His research interests focus on youth violence and youth involved with the juvenile justice system.She received her PhD in Clinical Psychology from the University of North Carolina at Greensboro. Her research interests focus on early intervention with young children.     

Measurement Properties of the Communities That Care<Superscript>®</Superscript> Youth Survey Across Demographic Groups

Prevention science has produced information about risk and protective factors that predict adolescent drug use and related problem behaviors. This paper investigates the Communities That Care Youth Survey that measures multiple risk and protective factors. Using a sample of 172,628 students who participated in surveys administered in seven states in 1998, analyses were conducted to test the factor structure of these risk and protective factors and to test the equivalence of the factor models across five racial/ethnic groups (African Americans, Asians or Pacific Islanders, Caucasians, Hispanic Americans, and Native Americans), four grade levels (6th, 8th, 10th, and 12th) and both gender groups. Results support the construct validity of the surveys risk and protective factor scales and indicate that the measures are equally reliable across males and females and five racial/ethnic groups. Implications of these findings for science-based prevention planning are discussed.     

A screening method for urinary methamphetamine--latex agglutination inhibition reaction test

Methamphetamine in urine samples from abusers was detected by the latex agglutination inhibition reaction test with latex-antibody (Latex-Ab) and latex-methamphetamine (Latex-MA) reagents. Anti-methamphetamine antibody was produced in rabbits by immunization with bovine serum albumin (BSA)-methamphetamine conjugate. Latex particles were coated with antibodies or with rabbit serum albumin (RSA)-methamphetamine conjugate to obtain Latex-Ab and Latex-MA reagents, respectively. The results are read at 4-5 min after mixing the latex reagents. The sensitivity of this method for methamphetamine was 0.4 micrograms/ml urine. Methamphetamine analogs (methylephedrine, amphetamine, phentermine, methoxyphenamine, ephedrine, beta-phenylethylamine, OH-methamphetamine, OH-amphetamine, and OH-ephedrine) all cross-react in varying degrees, while glucosiurea and albuminurea give false positive results in the tests. Though attention must be paid to these effects this simple and rapid test is suitable for the mass screening of urine samples.     

海洛因慢性依赖大鼠神经元一氧化氮合成酶变化

目的 研究海洛因药物滥用致脑神经细胞一氧化氮合成酶(ncNOS)表达的变化及法医学鉴定意义。方法 采用ncNOS免疫组织化学SP法、ncNOS mRNA原位分子杂交及图像分析技术,观察大鼠海洛因慢性依赖和自然戒断大脑皮质、中脑导水管周围灰质和中脑腹侧被盖区神经细胞ncNOS的变化和ncNOSmRNA的表达。结果 实验组神经细胞ncNOS含量和ncNOS mRNA表达比对照组明显增加,阳性细胞数明显增多;自然戒断组较慢性依赖组改变更加明显(P<0.05)。结论 ncNOS在海洛因慢性依赖和戒断中起重要作用,脑神经细胞ncNOS免疫组织化学变化可作为海洛因药物滥用法医学鉴定的形态学依据。     

毒品案件证据的法律适用--"毒品案件证据研究"课题组四川调研综述

毒品案件具有其自身的特殊性和侦查的特点,用事实推定原则来认定持有毒品人"明知".在证据尚不能证明行为人是为运输、贩卖时,才能按非法持有毒品罪论处;随时把证据固定下来用以证实犯罪,对技侦手段获取的证据,通过审批程序,步入法制化;对"特情"卧底取得的证据以变更方式处理.     

积极推进禁吸戒毒“外转内”工作努力实现社会面上无吸毒人员的目标

处在全国禁毒前沿的云南公安机关在总结 10多年来禁吸戒毒工作经验中由基层首创、并进行试点的基础上 ,走出了一条“外循环”转“内循环” ,实行劳动康复管理模式的禁吸戒毒工作新路子。自 2 0 0 1年全省推行对吸毒人员的收戒方式“外转内”以来 ,实践证明 :工作开展好的地方 ,通过全员收戒吸毒人员 ,实现社会面上无吸毒人员的目标 ,就能够遏制社会面上的毒品需求 ,有利于逐年减少吸毒人员 ,为创建“无毒县市”、“无毒乡镇”、“无毒社区”奠定良好的基础 ,促进整个禁毒斗争的顺利开展。     

常见蔬菜、调料、空白脏器对硫靛反应化学检验氟乙酰胺干扰的实验研究

氟乙酰胺类鼠药(含氟乙酸,氟乙酸钠)是水溶性毒物,极性大,毒性也大.中毒死亡后在体内含量呈微.人及动物死亡后,难以用常见的TLC方法进行分析.几年来,经改进后的硫靛反应化学法,一直在各实验室办案中应用.该法对氟乙酰胺类鼠药中毒案件鉴定起了很大作用.但经过多年的研究实验及案件应用,笔者认为硫靛反应不是氟乙酰胺鼠药的专属性反应,有干扰,方法灵敏度低.仅靠该法出现阳性结果和阴性结果,均不能对检材作肯定或否定结论,应配合其它方法或案情进行综合评价.