金融危机下的美国贸易保护新举措——购买美国货条款分析

2008年美国次贷危机引起的金融风暴席卷全球,导致全球经济形势低迷,而经济萧条从来都是贸易保护主义滋生的温床。贸易保护主义随之抬头,美国颁布《美国复兴与再投资法案》中有一条购买美国货条款引起了国际社会的强烈反对。本文就购买美国货条款进行浅析,以WTO规则为依据,分析其贸易保护实质。     

二战后美国基础教育改革对我国的启示

战后美国的教育改革，对当前我国进行的素质教育有着重要的启发价值。主要体现在：高度重视基础教育在国家和社会发展中的重要作用；积极利用调动国家和社会力量，加大教育投入；建立一支爱岗敬业、高素质的师资队伍，充分发挥教师的作用；重视学生的全面发展，培养全面发展人才；充分发展学生的个性，发挥学生创造性；构建合理的适合社会需求的课程体系，满足日新月异的科学技术和社会发展的需要。     

A fresh start I: Education rights in South Africa

In this first part of a two-part article education rights as protected by the South African Constitution are analysed. As background, the education rights protected by section 32 of the interim Constitution and the case law that arose from that provision are discussed. Section 29 of the 1996 Constitution is then discussed with reference to the right to basic and further education, the right to education in the language of one's choice, and the right to private education. Mention is also made of the way in which religious observances maybe conducted in schools. This first part of the article concludes with the observation that the education rights in the Constitution form the basis and the spearhead of the fresh start South Africa has made in education. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

中美教师评价制度比较研究

从评价内容、评价标准、评价主体、评价程序、评价方法比较和分析中美教师评 价制度的差异。针对我国教师评价现状,我们应借鉴吸收美国教师评价制度。     

我国人民陪审员制与美国陪审制度的比较研究

陪审制度,世界上最古老的司法制度之一,是公民直接参与司法活动的民主形式和公民权利的保障机制。它经过延绵千年的发展与成熟,仍然受到很多国家的青睐。从世界范围来看,陪审制度主要有两种形式:英美法系陪审团制和大陆法系参审制。我国现行的人民陪审员制从性质上讲隶属后者。陪审制度正式形成于英国,随殖民统治者移植到美国后,在美国个人主义文化基础上得到了迅速的生长。陪审制度在美国是一项宪法性制度,它的意义不仅体现在保持审判公正,防止司法专断上,更反映在它的“寓权于民”的政治统治思想中,美国人甚至称它为“将裁决权置于被统治者手中”的制度。笔者运用比较分析法将我国人民陪审员制和美国陪审制度进行比较研究,指出两种制度在历史发展基础、文化基础、形式以及保障措施方面的区别,期望以此对我国人民陪审员制的模式选择有所参考和借鉴。     

试论弗·道格拉斯的女权思想

弗·道格拉斯不仅是19世纪美国黑人的著名领袖,也是美国女权运动的先驱者之一。他以美国《独立宣言》所宣称的人人生而平等和代议制政府原则为基础,把黑人解放和妇女解放思想巧妙地结合起来,变成有机的整体。但是,道格拉斯首先是一位黑人领袖,他在两者不能兼顾的时候,总是优先考虑黑人的解放问题,这就注定了他的女权思想的局限性,与女权运动领导人的关系也不可能一帆风顺,而是既有冲突,也有合作。     

Alcohol Use, Outcome Expectancies, and HIV Risk Status among American Indian Youth: A Latent Growth Curve Model with Parallel Processes

Alcohol use is cited as a risk factor for exposure to HIV infection through risky sexual behavior, especially among adolescents. From Social Cognitive Theory, positive outcome expectancies about the use of alcohol have often been presented as a critical aspect of alcohol use. Yet little is known about how they might be related to different aspects of HIV risk. Using latent growth curve modeling with data from 292 American Indian youth across seven years, both alcohol use and positive expectancies increased significantly; a lower-risk group showed significantly slower increases in both. Changes in alcohol use and outcome expectancies were significantly interrelated, providing support for reciprocal influence between the two constructs. Positive alcohol outcome expectancies may provide a preventive intervention point worthy of further consideration as influencing alcohol use and lowering HIV sexual risk among adolescents.Associate Professor at the University of Colorado at Denver and Health Sciences Center. She received her Ph.D. in Community Psychology from Michigan State University. Her major research interests are adolescent development among minority youth with an emphasis on positive and problem behaviors.Associate Professor at the University of Colorado at Denver and Health Sciences Center. She received her Ph.D. in Social Psychology from the University of Michigan. Her major research interests are in areas of American Indian mental health and services research.Assistant Professor at the University of Colorado at Denver and Health Sciences Center. She received her Ph.D. in Sociology from the University of Michigan. Her primary research interests are in demography and contextual effects of individual health behavior, with a special emphasis on adolescent development.In addition to the above people, the Project Team included Sonia Bauduy, Cathy A.E. Bell, Cecelia K. Big Crow, Dedra Buchwald, Nichole Cottier, Amy D. Dethlefsen, Ann Wilson Frederick, Ellen M. Keane, Shelly Hubing, Natalie Murphy, Angela Sam, Jennifer Settlemire, Jennifer Truel, and Frankee White Dress.     

White Voters and African American Candidates for Congress

The vast majority of African American officeholders are elected from jurisdictions with sizable numbers of African Americans. The most common explanation for this phenomenon locates the cause among white voters who are reluctant to vote for black candidates, which thereby limits the electoral prospects of black candidates in white constituencies. This study analyzes exit poll data from the 1996 and 1998 House elections in order to test the notion that white voters are averse to black candidates. Despite theoretical expectations that predict the existence of white voter discrimination against African American candidates, remarkably little is apparent. Thus, other explanations for patterns of African American officeholding in the United States need to be pursued.     

院外援华集团与中美关系

美国是一个利益集团政治的国家。这些利益集团通过院外游说活动,使自己的利益得到国家政策的保护。跟中国利益有关的集团也通过院外活动对中美关系施加影响,并起着越来越大的作用。