现代美国警察服务职能的发展

美国作为实行海洋型警察制度国家的代表,警务工作中的突出特色就是强调为民服务。现代美国警察在政治时期、改革时期、解决社区服务问题时期的服务职能不尽相同,现代美国警察服务职能发展有其一定的背景,全面了解美国警察服务职能的发展,有利于我国公安机关服务型警务模式的打造。     

Consumer Racial Profiling and Perceived Victimization: A Phone Survey of Philadelphia Area Residents

This paper explored the perceived prevalence of consumer racial profiling (CRP) (also known as “Shopping While Black”) among residents in Philadelphia. Based on data collected from a random digit dialing (RDD) phone survey, the authors examined the characteristics of those persons who believed they had been profiled in retail establishments. The research found that African Americans were ten times more likely than non-African Americans to believe they had been profiled in a retail establishment. As for gender differences, males were nearly two times more likely than females to report that they had been experienced CRP. Educated respondents were more likely than those with less education to report having experienced CRP. There were no significant findings regarding income. The authors conclude by noting the policy implications of the research findings. This project was jointly funded by Penn State’s Africana Research Center and Penn State Harrisburg’s School of Public Affairs. The authors thank Auden Thomas, Stephanie Hintz, and the interviewers from Penn State Harrisburg’s Center for Survey Research who assisted in the completion of this project.     

美国西部开发对我国西部大开发的启示

从经济学的角度来看,美国的西部开发是成功的,它为落后地区的经济开发提供了许多有益的经验,也留下了一些值得重视的教训。借鉴美国在西部开发中的一些成功经验,对推进我国西部开发具有一定的参考价值:要按市场经济的规律性去运作;政府政策有助于推动西部大开发进程;发展高新技术产业;做好环境保护规划。     

美国华人餐饮业今昔谈

美国的华人餐饮业是随着19世纪中叶华人去往美国而在大洋彼岸落地、生根、发芽的。一百多年来,蕴藏着中国独特而又丰富饮食文化的华人餐饮不仅成为美国华人生存和生活的一部分,而且也成为海外华人的命脉。美国的华人餐饮业形式多种多样,主要包括茶楼和咖啡馆、外卖店、中高档餐馆和连锁经营店。华人餐饮业已成为美国饮食文化中不可缺少的一部分。     

两大法系刑法中的行为理论比较研究

行为在刑法理论中地位的确立是近代刑法的最大成就。关于行为内容的探讨,大陆法学从各个不同视野观察行为而形成的行为理论有因果行为论、目的行为论、社会行为论、人格行为论等四种,认为无行为即无犯罪;英美法系刑法学则主张修正大陆法学的行为理论,以“事态”取代行为,以控制原则取代犯罪行为要件。他们在行为方面的理论探讨有着特定的借鉴意义。虽然行为概念不是最理想的表述,但目前却无可替代。     

2004年美国大选的结果及其对美国外交的影响

美国总统大选结果的各种因素的解释,不只是经济状况、内外政策和候选人个人品格,更重要的是一些存在于美国政治运行中的经验性规律。在伊拉克的硝烟未尽之时,在“9·11”的创痛未愈之际,此次美国总统大选的结果所将产生的影响也将是深远的。这种影响不仅仅是促使美国本身的内外政策稳健与温和,对国际局势,包括美中关系也产生重要的积极作用。     

The work of the African Union Liaison Office in building peace on the ground: A case study of Madagascar

ABSTRACT

Field offices are an increasingly important reality in the architecture of African peacemaking. Yet despite their importance in practice, in academic debates on peacebuilding and mediation, little attention has so far been paid to their work. This paper analyses the role of the African Union Liaison Office in the international efforts to re-establish constitutional order after the 2009 political crisis in Madagascar. The paper scrutinises the mandate, set-up and institutional capacities of the liaison office and reconstructs how and to what extent it has contributed to peacemaking and conflict prevention in Madagascar. It thereby particularly highlights the often ad hoc way the liaison office reacted to unprecedented and rapidly changing events on the ground and stresses the important role played by individual staff members in translating the liaison office’s mandate into practice.     

Lessons of the Northern War on African corruption*

ABSTRACT

In the 1990s states, international non-governmental organisations, and capitalist enterprises launched a novel campaign against transnational corruption. This essay addresses how and when this campaign emerged, how corruption was framed as a product of African state failure and patrimonialism, and how radical changes in the global political economy, most notably East-South relationships, undermine our understanding of the actors and paths of transnational corruption.     

The Southern African unipolarity

Despite the tectonic changes that have taken place in Southern Africa since the demise of apartheid, South Africa is still widely considered a hegemonic regional power by scholars, practitioners and pundits. This article challenges this interpretation, asserting that both Pretoria’s foreign policy and that of its neighbours fit the concept of regional unipolarity with more precision. Since the early 1990s, South Africa has pursued leadership within binding regional institutions and invested resources in order to reinforce the sovereignty of second-tier states such as Angola, Mozambique and Zimbabwe, which have in turn disputed its diplomatic and military primacy, achieving impressive results. This behaviour is characteristic of unipoles rather than hegemons. In this article I revisit the evolution of South African relations with its more proximate neighbours in a transition from hegemony (1961–1990) to unipolarity. I start by defining both concepts and clarifying the behaviours that regional powers and small states are expected to have under hegemonic and unipolar settings. Then, I examine inter-state relations in the region, showing that the concept of unipolarity best describes power distribution and best predicts foreign policy in Southern Africa since the 1990s. Finally, I show that this exercise in concept rectification illuminates comparisons with other regional unipoles, and provides a useful framework to forecast the consequences of an eventual Southern African bipolarity, if Angola continues to catch up.     

Democracy promotion through regional organisations: A missed opportunity for South African and Brazilian leadership?

What role do regional powers Brazil and South Africa play in democracy promotion in their respective regions, South America and Africa? While both Brazil and South Africa played an important role in building regional institutions’ normative frameworks for democracy promotion, most notably within the Union of South American Nations and the African Union, their leadership applying these frameworks within regional organisations is inconsistent. South Africa is trapped between regional and global expectations; Brazil’s leadership lacks commitment. The interplay of domestic, regional and international politics needs to be scrutinised to explain why South African and Brazilian regional leadership falls behind expectations.