中国汉族男性锁骨的年龄变化

作者通过对125副已知年龄的中国汉族男性干燥锁骨的胸骨端、肩峰端及骨质表面变化等特征进行观察,找出了锁骨年龄变化的初步规律,提出锁骨年龄变化的分级评分标准。根据锁骨年龄变化的评分,应用电子计算机求出用锁骨判定年龄的回归方程,为无名尸骨的年龄判定提供了一个新的方法。     

Age Estimation of Adult Living Donor by Pubic MSCT Three-dimensional ReconstructionCSCD

Objective: To establish a method for the age estimation of adult living donor based on pubic MSCT three-dimensional reconstruction and verify its accuracy and reliability. Methods: The volume rendering (VR)image data of pubic symphysis surface were collected from 300 volunteers aged over 17 years old. According to different age groups, the age estimation of these volunteers was performed by the method and formula of pubic symphysis surface. Results: In the 300 volunteers, the difference between biological age and actual age was <1 year in 117 cases, >1-2 years in 178 cases, >2 years in 5 cases. Conclusion: MSCT three-dimensional reconstruction technology of pubic symphysis surface can be used to estimate the age of adult living donor, which can provide a high accurate and reliable result. © 2018 by the Editorial Department of Journal of Forensic Medicine.     

Beyond the Visible Pattern: Historical Particularities,Development, and Age at First Marriage in Transylvania, 1850–1914

The present study focused on age at first marriage in Transylvania between 1850 and 1914, a time of both social-economic change and resilient historically entrenched particularities. Based on data extracted from the Historical Population Database of Transylvania we constructed an extensive sample from settlements with a broad range of social-economic characteristics, which allowed for a comparative view into the influence of various factors on marriage timing. We examined in this sense both individual-level co-variates, such as denominational affiliation, migration background, and social-occupational status, as well as broader factors, such as the development level attained by certain settlements and the time frame. We found that the area level of development measured according to a heuristic index was in many cases more decisive than individual characteristics in shaping individuals’ constraints and opportunities on the marriage market. More significantly, the analysis showed that the ways in which the development level worked to transform marriage timing for both men and women could be explained by historically entrenched differences and specificities. At the same time, these patterns in age at first marriage, given by factors such as denomination, might be the result of other largely still invisible factors, for which the variables used are merely imperfect proxies.     

男女退休不同龄制度的宪法学思考

我国1978年规定的男女不同年龄退休制度,如今遭受违宪质疑。对基于性别而进行分类的立法规制的审查,其基准宜采用"严格的合理性审查基准"。据此,规定女性比男性早退休的手段与实现对女性的保护的目的应存在实质性关联。然而由于立法事实的变化,如今这两者之间不仅不存在实质性关联,反而会导致一种"逆反差别"。而且,与规定刚性的男女退休不同年龄制度相比,存在更加宽松的规制手段来达到同样的保护女性的目的。因此,我国的男女退休不同龄制度存在违宪的嫌疑,应及时加以修改。建议在原则上统一男女退休年龄的基础上,允许女性根据自我情况选择提前退休。     

Desert, Justice and Capital Punishment

Our purpose in this paper is to consider a procedural objection to the death penalty. According to this objection, even if the death penalty is deemed, substantively speaking, a morally acceptable punishment for at least some murderers, since only a small proportion of those guilty of aggravated murder are sentenced to death and executed, while the majority of murderers escape capital punishment as a result of arbitrariness and discrimination, capital punishment should be abolished. Our targets in this paper are two recent attempts, by Thomas Hurka and Michael Cholbi respectively, to defend the view that ‘levelling down’ (that is, reducing the punishment imposed on a criminal from the punishment he absolutely deserves to a less severe punishment in order to achieve proportionality relative to the criminals who have escaped the punishment they absolutely deserve) is, in the context of capital punishment, morally permissible. We argue that both Hurka and Cholbi fail to show why the arbitrariness and discrimination objection impugns the death penalty.

Development of the femur--implications for age and sex determination

Growth of four variables of the femur (diapyseal length, diaphyseal length plus distal epiphysis, maximum length and vertical diameter of the head) was analyzed by polynomial regression for the purpose of evaluating its significance and capacity for age and sex determination throughout the entire life continuum. Materials included in analysis consisted of 346 specimens ranging from birth to 97 years of age from five documented osteological collections of Western European descent. Linear growth was displayed by each of the four variables. Significant sexual dimorphism was identified in two of the femoral measurements, including maximum length and vertical diameter of the head, from age 15 onward. These results indicate that the two variables may be of use in the determination of sex in sex determination from that age onward. Strong correlation coefficients were identified between femoral size and age for each of the four metric variables. These results indicate that any of the femoral measurements is likely to serve as a useful source to estimate sub-adult age in both archaeological and forensic samples.     

Determination of male age at death in Chinese Han population: using quantitative variables statistical analysis from pubic bones

Determination of age at death by skeletal features is difficult, but important, both in forensic and physical anthropology. Pubic symphysis is a widely accepted morphological indicator, which provides the best result for personal age identification. Age prediction in this study used nine indicators of morphological changes, viz: ridges and furrows on the symphysial surface, ridge of pubic tubercle, lower extremity, ventral beveling, ossific nodules, dorsal margin, ventral rampart, general macroscopic changes of symphysial surface, and bone density of the symphysial surface. Samples were drawn from 262 male individuals. The study procedures are as follows: Firstly, we examined the morphological features of pubic symphysis using criteria similar to Hanihara's and Suchey-Brooks (SB). Secondly, we evaluated each stage with an appropriate score. Thirdly, we deduced four equations of male age assessment of morphological features by statistic analysis. The results were compared with Hanihara's and Suchey-Brooks method; the similarities and differences among them were discussed objectively. The method produced consistent results as well as developing the criteria of Hanihara's and Suchey-Brooks'.     

太仓刘家河天妃宫庙“返魂香木”故事版本条目考辨

明永乐初太仓刘家河天妃宫庙＂返魂香木＂神奇故事,明清资料或有失误,今人引述更是欠考。本文旁征博引,细密剖析,上考古人,下辨今者,试图还历史以真相。     

根据X线片跖趾骨长宽度推算0～17岁个体身高年龄

本文通过1607例儿童青少年跖趾骨长度和宽度与身高和年龄的相关回归分析，发现两者之间呈高度正相关，相关系数γ=0．859～0．998，相关检验和回归检验P＜0．0025～0．0005，据此分别计算出各跖趾骨长度、宽度推算身高、年龄的直线回归方程，为法医学、人类学提供了基础资料。     

信息时代的新计划经济论

计划经济和市场经济是当代两种主要的也是相互竞争的经济体制。在20世纪末期以来的经济全球化中,市场经济几乎一统天下。然而,一些左翼学者以迅猛发展的信息技术为支点,提出了新计划经济论。他们认为计划经济具有优越性,运用现代信息技术对传统计划经济进行革命性改造,可使计划经济更客观、更具有反应性。新计划经济论总体上还是带有乌托邦色彩的构想,存在一些本质性的缺陷。但新计划经济论提醒人们,信息时代的市场经济不等同于新自由主义,要注意市场经济和宏观调控相结合,运用信息技术完善市场经济。