The effects of common medications on volumetric phallometry

Abstract

Phallometry is a physiological measure of sexual response widely used for the assessment of paedophilia among sexual offenders. Although many medications decrease penile response sufficiently to interfere with sexual intercourse, it is unknown to what extent such medications might interfere with phallometric testing. In the current study, we utilized a naturalistic convenience sample of 1078 men who attended a clinic for assessment of sexual preferences, mostly related to sexual offence convictions. In the present analyses, we quantified the differences in penile response during phallometric assessment associated with taking a range of common medications. Participants on medication typically showed less penile output than participants not taking medications; however, differences were largely accounted for by age rather than by medication status. Though most medications were associated with decreases in penile responsivity during volumetric phallometric testing, such changes were small in absolute terms and appeared to be associated with ageing rather than with the medications themselves.     

Forensic genetic value of 27 Y-STR loci (Y-Filer® Plus) in the South African population

South Africa has one of the highest rape statistics in the world, with an average of 117 rapes reported daily. Y-STR genotyping is becoming a popular tool in the analysis of DNA evidence collected after a crime of a sexual nature has been committed, but has yet to be implemented in South Africa’s forensic laboratories. This study aimed to investigate the forensic value of the 27 Yfiler™ Plus loci in the South African population. A total of 271 samples from the African, Asian/Indian, Mixed Ancestry¹, and Caucasian populations at the University of the Free State in Bloemfontein, South Africa were amplified and analysed using ThermoFisher Scientific’s Yfiler™ Plus PCR Amplification kit. Of the 271 samples, 261 were identified to be unique, with an overall discrimination capacity of 98.15%. Discrimination capacities ranged from 91.67% for the Asian/Indian population to 100% for the Mixed Ancestry population. The haplotype diversity across the four populations is 0.9999, with an average gene diversity across all loci of 0.717. The forensic parameters estimated in this study provide evidence for the potential use of the commercial Yfiler™ Plus PCR amplification kit in a forensic application in South Africa.     

CHN骨龄在司法鉴定中的应用价值

目的探讨CHN(中国人手腕骨发育标准CHN法)骨龄在司法鉴定中的应用价值,分析影响其准确性的因素及相关问题。方法对522例年龄鉴定者,均选用不同曝光值拍摄两张左手腕部正位X线片,并加照两次斜位片。使用CHN法测评骨龄。结果522例中男性489例,女性33例。男性达CHN骨龄最高值18.4岁者129例,余平均骨龄16.5岁。女性达CHN骨龄最高值17.3岁者14例,余平均骨龄15.7岁。CHN骨龄在16.0岁以上者共388例,占约74.3%。本组资料显示多种因素影响骨龄鉴定的准确性,其中以骨龄片位置及角度的变化等影响最大。结论如能获得高质量的X线片、并能熟练使用CHN法、注意利用位置和角度的变化正确判定骨骺分级,CHN骨龄基本可满足活体年龄鉴定的需要。     

人外周血白细胞端粒DNA长度与年龄的定量关系

目的探讨人外周血白细胞端粒DNA长度变化规律及其与年龄的关系,为法医学推断年龄提供理论依据。方法抽取西藏那曲地区0~81岁健康人外周血样本105例,其中男性53例,女性52例,采用Southern杂交法检测其端粒限制性片断平均长度。各年龄组性别差异作t检验,端粒长度与年龄的关系作相关及回归分析。结果人外周血白细胞端粒长度随年龄增长逐渐缩短,且存在性别差异;得到推断年龄回归方程:Y=-16.539X+236.287±9.832。结论人外周血白细胞端粒DNA长度与年龄存在明显相关性,为法医学在分子水平上推断个体年龄提供了可能。     

当代国际经济法的人文关怀

第二次世界大战后,由于受可持续发展等当代世界主流思想的影响,国际经济法律制度日益关注商业基本道德、人类的共同发展和可持续发展,呈现出浓厚的人文关怀的气息.     

利用椎体进行个人识别的研究进展

个人识别在法医实践中占有重要地位,主要包括判定种族、推断身高、判定性别和推算年龄。本文综述了近年来国内外利用椎体进行个人识别的成果,并对椎体个人识别的研究进行了展望。     

THE RACE/ETHNICITY DISPARITY IN MISDEMEANOR MARIJUANA ARRESTS IN NEW YORK CITY

RESEARCH SUMMARY: This article examines the growth in marijuana misdemeanor arrests in New York City (NYC) from 1980 to 2003 and its differential impact on blacks and Hispanics. Since 1980, the New York City Police Department (NYPD) expanded its use of arrest and detention for minor offenses under its quality-of-life (QOL) policing initiative. Arrest data indicate that during the 1990s the primary focus of QOL policing became smoking marijuana in public view (MPV). By 2000, MPV had become the most common misdemeanor arrest, accounting for 15% of all NYC adult arrests and rivaling controlled substance arrests as the primary focus of drug abuse control. Of note, most MPV arrestees have been black or Hispanic. Furthermore, black and Hispanic MPV arrestees have been more likely to be detained prior to arraignment, convicted, and sentenced to jail than their white counterparts. POLICY IMPLICATIONS: In light of the disparities, we recommend that the NYPD consider scaling back on MPV enforcement and reducing the harshness of treatment by routinely issuing Desk Appearance Tickets when the person is not wanted on other charges, so that most MPV arrestees would not be detained. Furthermore, we recommend that legislators should consider making smoking marijuana in public a violation and not a misdemeanor. Lastly, we suggest ways that NYC could monitor the effectiveness of these policy modifications to assure that the city continues to meet its goals for order maintenance.     

网络时代计算机软件的专利保护初探

目前世界上已经形成了以版权法为主体的软件法律保护体系 ,但是随着网络技术的发展 ,版权法在保护软件方面存在的先天不足日益显现。因而适当的适用专利法保护软件成为目前软件保护的发展新潮流。今后我国在对专利审查基准进行修改时 ,可以借鉴美、日两个国家的某些做法 ,仔细分析新型软件纠纷中隐含的问题 ,这样或许可以使我国能够适应世界上保护软件的发展潮流 ,同时在网络立法发展中处于领先地位。     

气相色谱法测定牙本质中天冬氨酸消旋化程度推断年龄的研究

本文应用手性毛细管柱气相色氨谱法，以酸性异丙醇、三氯乙酸酐为衍生化试剂，对不同年龄人的27颗第一磨牙牙本质中D型与L型天冬氟酸的浓度进行了测定，并计算了二者的比率，建立了消旋化程度与年龄的回归方程，r＝0．9568，SD＝4．5岁，本研究为用牙齿推断人的年龄提供了一个比较客观、准确的新手段。     

STR and Y-STR genotyping of 30–50-year-old semen stains

This study performed the semen discrimination test, short tandem repeat (STR) typing, and Y-chromosome specific-STR (Y-STR) typing on five, 30–50-year-old semen stains. All samples reacted positively with the SM test reagent, and we observed sperm heads in all samples microscopically. The quantity of DNA extracted from the 43- and 50-year-old samples was much lower than from the other samples. STR typing of the 30-, 32-, 32-, 43-, and 50-year-old semen samples detected a maximum of 13, 15, 15, 11, and 6 of 15 loci, respectively, while Y-STR typing detected 16, 16, 16, 10, and 10 of 16 loci. These results suggest that the semen discrimination test and STR and Y-STR typing can detect extremely old semen stains and are useful for forensic practice.