贵州地区嗜尸蝇类调查

目的　调查贵州地区与尸体有关的蝇类。方法　根据昆虫学调查方法 ,设定调查地域 12个 ,于 2月、 5月、 8月和 11月的 10～ 2 0日采集一次标本。结果　全年 12个地域 44次共采集嗜尸蝇类标本 3 743 3只 ,经鉴定隶属于 5科 17属 2 7种。结论　取得了贵州地区嗜尸蝇种及区域、季节分布的资料 ,填补了在《中国蝇类》中未见贵州报道的空白。为下一步研究各嗜尸蝇种的生活史打下了基础 ,为推测死者的死亡季节及死亡环境提供参考依据。     

The Effects Of Children'S Age and Delay on Recall in a Cognitive or Structured Interview

The study examined; (i) whether the enhanced cognitive interview (ECI) would aid event recall when used with children, (ii) whether the effects of a delay between the witnessed event and interview would have an impact on the effectiveness of the ECI, (iii) whether the age of the child would have a bearing on the effectiveness of the ECI, and (iv) which category(ies) of event recall might be effected. Thirty-two 8 to 9 year old children and thirty-two 11 to 12 year old children were shown a video recording of a staged shoplifting. Half were interviewed four hours after viewing the event and half after a six day delay. Children were interviewed individually using either the ECI or a structured interview (SI). Those interviewed using the ECI recalled significantly more correct details (especially detail pertaining to actions) with no increase in the reporting of erroneous information. The ECI was found to be a reliable interviewing technique regardless of age and delay.     

希腊化王国的女主政治现象

在希腊化时期各王国的君主制统治中,有一特殊的政治现象,即一些女王当政或王后专权。这一现象的出现不仅与君主制政体的确立有关,还受历史传统因素的影响,更与这些王后对权力的热衷密切相关。三大希腊化王国的女主政治虽然存在程度的差别,但也具有相同的特征。这一政治现象不仅影响了本王国的统治格局,还对希腊化世界的历史产生了深远影响。     

Accuracy of developing tooth length as an estimate of age in human skeletal remains: the deciduous dentition

Dental age assessments are widely used to estimate age of immature skeletal remains. Most methods have relied on fractional stages of tooth emergence and formation, particularly of the permanent dentition, for predicting the age of infants and very young children. In this study, the accuracy of regression equations of developing deciduous tooth length for age estimation (Liversidge et al.) is tested on a sample of 30 Portuguese subadult skeletons of known age at death. Overall the method shows high accuracy and the average difference between estimated and chronological age is between 0.20 and -0.14 years when using single teeth, and 0.06 years, when using all available teeth. However, there is a tendency for the deciduous molars to provide overestimates of chronological age. Results show that age estimates can be obtained within +/-0.10 years with a 95% confidence interval when several teeth are used. Overall between-tooth agreement in age estimates decreases with increasing age but there is less variability of estimates with more teeth contributing to overall mean age. One seemingly limitation of this method may be the fact that it was developed by combining the maxillary and mandibular teeth. The other is related to the accuracy with which radiographic tooth length can be used as a valid surrogate for actual tooth length. Nevertheless, the advantages of this metric method surpass the limitations of chronologies based on stages of dental development.     

Age determination of blood spots in forensic medicine by force spectroscopy

We present a new tool for the estimation of the age of bloodstains, which could probably be used during forensic casework. For this, we used atomic force microscopy (AFM) for high-resolution imaging of erythrocytes in a blood sample and the detection of elasticity changes on a nanometer scale. For the analytic procedure we applied a fresh blood spot on a glass slide and started the AFM detection after drying of the blood drop. In a first step, an overview image was generated showing the presence of several red blood cells, which could easily be detected due to their typical "doughnut-like" appearance. The consecutively morphological investigations in a timeframe of 4 weeks could not show any alterations. Secondly, AFM was used to test the elasticity by recording force-distance curves. The measurements were performed immediately after drying, 1.5 h, 30 h and 31 days. The conditions were kept constant at room temperature (20 degrees C) and a humidity of 30%. The obtained elasticity parameters were plotted against a timeline and repeated several times. The elasticity pattern showed a decrease over time, which are most probably influenced by the alteration of the blood spot during the drying and coagulation process. The preliminary data demonstrates the capacity of this method to use it for development of calibration curves, which can be used for estimation of bloodstain ages during forensic investigations.     

从习水性侵害幼女案谈嫖宿幼女罪的适用

嫖宿幼女罪是从强奸罪中分离出来的一个新罪名,两者之间存在法条竞合关系。当行为人嫖宿幼女具有一般情节时,应适用嫖宿幼女罪。当嫖宿行为具有符合强奸罪的加重情节时,虽然强奸罪的最高法定刑比嫖宿幼女罪为重,但综合考量强奸罪的法定刑排列顺序、嫖宿人的主观意图、幼女的过错等方面,以强奸罪论处的刑罚并不意味着比嫖宿幼女罪为重,因嫖宿幼女罪的特殊规定性,以嫖宿幼女罪论处更为合理。行为人以嫖宿的方式与幼女发生性关系,不论是否明知该幼女是被强迫卖淫的,只要自己未实施该强迫行为,都应以嫖宿幼女罪论处,同时也不构成强迫卖淫罪的共犯。     

互联网时代乡村振兴战略的路径选择——基于梅家坞村的调查研究

新一代信息技术和网络技术,正重塑乡村社会文化经济生态链。互联网带来的信息高速流通、思维变革,对此前在信息获取处于弱势地位的乡村带来系列影响。文章运用文献研究、问卷调查及半结构式访谈方法,通过对西湖区梅家坞村的个案解读与剖析,呈现梅家坞村社会经济和产业协作状况,论述互联网在农民生产、消费、交易和娱乐方式等方面引发的变革,并发现当前梅家坞村存在产业协作低、生产周期性漫长、文化缺失等问题,再由经济、社会、文化三个维度,探讨乡村新经济范式下梅家坞村如何构建经济-社会-文化共同体,如何以产业化带动乡村治理现代化。互联网时代梅家坞的社会经济发展,对其他地区乡村振兴也具有一定借鉴意义。     

运用市场机制大力推动老年消费发展

我国的白发浪潮已经到来,发展老年消费已经成为全面实现小康生活、保障国家稳定和社会发展的一项战略任务,但与发达国家相比我国老年消费市场刚刚起步,老年人消费面临许多问题,我国必须运用市场机制大力推动老年消费的发展。     

论放任

在确定间接故意的诸种见解中,容认说基本上是合理的。放任的存在与否,必须结合行为人对构成要件结果的发生是否有高度盖然性认识,是否存在认真的估算,是否对结果的实现毫不在意并认可、接受这一结果这三个层次的内容进行递进式判断。在区别放任和轻率时要考虑行为人对客观危险的认识、对结果是纵容还是有防止结果的真挚努力。     

骨骼CT三维重建图像性别判定和年龄推断研究

目的通过计算骨骼计算机断层扫描(Computed Tomography,CT)三维重建图像判定性别和推断年龄的准确率,评价利用骨骼CT三维重建图像判定性别和推断年龄的可行性。方法将法医人类学教材中性别判定和年龄推断的方法应用于539例骨骼CT三维重建图像样本,判定245例骨盆的性别,推断100例男性耻骨联合、100例男性胸骨和94例男性锁骨的年龄,计算准确率。结果骨盆性别判定准确率为98.4%,耻骨下角和坐骨大切迹是区分性别最好的两项指标。男性耻骨联合、胸骨、锁骨的年龄推断准确率在45%以上,其中锁骨双侧方程准确率最高为77%。结论利用骨骼CT三维重建图像判定性别和推断年龄具有可行性。使用大体标本建立的骨盆形态学性别判定方法可直接应用于骨骼CT三维重建图像。使用大体标本建立的男性耻骨联合、胸骨、锁骨形态学年龄推断指标、分级和评分标准以及方程需要修改和补充。