世界主要国家和地区土壤污染防治基本制度比较研究

虽然世界主要国家的经济发展状况、土壤污染状况、技术水平、法制传统、环境管理体制等诸多方面都存在着很大的差异,但是关于土壤污染防治基本制度,还是存在着很多相同或类似的制度设计。这些相近相似的规定,恰恰反映了土壤污染防治的规律,值得我国借鉴。这些具有共性和典型意义的基本制度有：土壤污染监测制度、土壤污染调查制度、土壤污染管制区制度、污染土壤管制制度、污染土壤修复和整治制度、土壤污染防治相关专门机构制度、土壤污染整治基金制度、土壤污染登记制度、土壤污染信息披露制度、土壤污染责任制度等。     

Shooting Down a Hijacked Plane—The German Discussion and Beyond

The article examines whether state officials may shoot down a hijacked airplane which carries uninvolved passengers, if it is known that the plane will be used against the lives of other human beings. In its first sections, it explains the German Federal Constitutional Court’s verdict against such a permission, and it scrutinizes the crucial arguments in this ruling (restrictions on the use of military weapons; human dignity arguments). The author then extends the discussion beyond the path taken by the court. She examines the defensive claims of passengers aboard the plane and the protective claims of potential victims who are present at the hijackers’ target zone. In contrast to the German Federal Constitutional Court, she concludes that state officials must take the claims of both groups of potential victims equally serious, and that such conditions allow applying a consequentialist calculus (“save the greater number”) because it is the only way out of a genuine dilemma.     

论受害人对船舶油污责任保险人的直接请求权——兼谈《中华人民共和国海事诉讼特别程序法》第97条的立法完善

在船舶油污损害赔偿领域设置保险和保证赔偿制度是保护受害人充分赔偿的需要,也是特殊侵权损害赔偿制度发展的必然。船舶油污责任保险具有适用范围特定性以及保险的强制性等特点。船舶油污损害赔偿公约体系确立了受害人对油污责任保险人或保证人的直接诉讼制度,但有着特定的适用范围,并赋予了保险人较为宽泛的抗辩事由。《中华人民共和国海事诉讼特别程序法》借鉴国际公约,确立了受害人对油污责任保险人的诉讼制度,但由于缺乏配套制度,实践中该制度的适用比较混乱。建议中国建立以油污强制责任保险制度为核心的船舶油污责任制度,明定责任保险人直接被诉的情形,以及在直接被诉情形下的抗辩事由,同时明确责任保险人承担责任的形式等。     

论农村环境污染防治的法律问题

当前,我国农村环境污染问题尤为突出,其现状已不容乐观。从法律角度分析,造成我国当前农村环境污染现状的原因既包括立法层面,也包括执法和司法层面。立法层面表现为,农村环境立法的不完善导致农村环境污染防治无法可依;执法层面表现为,农村环境执法的不力客观上放纵了环境污染行为,导致农村环境污染的进一步加剧;司法层面表现为,环境案件的久拖不决以及不公正的处理结果使农村环境污染防治失去强有力的司法保障。因此,加强农村环境污染防治必须完善我国农村环境立法,强化农村环境执法以及加强对农村环境的司法保障。     

北京市机动车排放控制管理实践

为实现城市交通与环境可持续发展,就要在满足交通需求的同时,尽力减少机动车污染排放,减少能源消耗.控制机动车排放污染,改善城市环境空气质量,需要采取综合的对策与措施.就北京市近年来在控制机动车排放污染方面采取的对策、措施、效果及存在问题等,做一简要介绍与分析.     

加强环境法制建设为可持续发展提供法律保障

环境问题是人类面临的重大问题之一.环境问题在我国尤为突出.为了解决环境问题,我们必须实施可持续发展战略.而可持续发展战略的实施,需要环境法制作保障.本文从环境立法、环境执法等方面提出了加强环境法制建设的一些措施.     

汽车排气污染防治重点对策研究

针对北京市汽车排气污染状况,借鉴国外汽车排放控制经验,就汽车排放控制中的新车排放控制、在用车排放控制、改进车用燃料品质以及改善交通、发展公共电汽车等几项重点对策进行了分析讨论。     

萨哈林岛大陆架油气开发对鄂霍次克海生态系的影响

萨哈林岛大陆架石油和天然气储量丰富。开发初具规模。萨哈林岛将成为庞大的石油天然气开发中心。但大规模地开发海底大陆架石油和天然气资源给海洋生态系造成危害极大。在石油和天然气开发的每个阶段和一切活动中都存在污染问题。萨哈林岛大陆架东北部水域的碳氢化合物含量远远高于可接受的含量。因此有必要采取一些有效的监控措施。     

影响城市电磁辐射环境质量的主要污染源

主要介绍影响城市电磁辐射环境质量的几个主要污染源及造成影响的原因.     

Bases That Leave: Consequences of US Base Closures and Realignments in South Korea

ABSTRACT

Contrary to ample attention on American military base closures at home, the consequences of base closures abroad remain under-examined even as the American military continues to adjust its global force posture. South Korea, the third biggest host of US military bases overseas, is an under-investigated case despite offering useful insights applicable to other US base hosts. This article examines short-term local-level consequences of US base departures in South Korea, with a focus on environmental and redevelopment challenges that shape the political and economic fate of former base sites. Detailed analyses and interviews on the oft-overlooked fate of multiple post-military sites draw a rather unsettling picture: Most sites remain empty, temporarily deserted and heavily contaminated spaces plagued by redevelopment difficulties. When overseas American bases are closed, they leave problems behind and those problems persist long after base sites return to host communities.