区域环境颗粒物污染特征研究

通过对北京经济技术开发区开展的大气环境和污染源监测,研究区域环境空气中颗粒物污染特征。根据不同功能区PM10(可吸入颗粒物)浓度空间分布特征和累积效应,表明区内道路扬尘和施工扬尘是该区域大气颗粒物的主要污染源。根据对道路边界的降尘监测,表明施工工地对道路扬尘的影响非常大。对于处于建设发展期的区域,加强施工扬尘和道路扬尘控制是保证空气质量的重要措施。     

信息污染的表现形式及其防治措施

由于信息服务体制不健全,信息市场的无序和失控,直接导致了虚假信息、重复信息、过载信息、缺损信息、误差信息,这种现象被称为信息污染。信息污染扰乱市场秩序,会给国民经济造成巨大损失,我们有必要对信息污染的表现形式、成因、防治措施进行研究。     

论环境侵权责任不以“行为违法性”为要件

环境侵权责任是私法调整手段在环境保护领域的运用。构成要件是确定环境侵权责任的依据，通观目前我国学界对环境侵权责任构成要件的争论，其聚焦点主要是污染环境的行为是否必须具有违法性。从我国相关法学理论、现有法律规定及司法实践中可以看出：“行为违法性”不应成为环境侵权责任的构成要件。     

北京市控制大气污染第二阶段目标与措施

北京市政府为巩固治理大气污染阶段性成果,进一步控制大气污染,从1999年3月至9月底作为控制大气污染的第二阶段,制订了28项措施。     

我国环境税立法初探

随着我国社会经济的高速发展,生态环境日益严重恶化,威胁和妨碍到我国的可持续发展.环境税作为有效解决环境问题的一种新经济手段,引起了学者们的极大关注.借鉴西方发达国家有关环境税的立法及具体实践,我国需尽快开征此税并进行相应的立法工作.     

Risk Aversion, Liability Rules, and Safety

This paper investigates the performance of liability rules in two-party stochastic externality problems where negotiations are feasible and side payments are based on the realized level of externalities. Results show that an increase in polluter liability does not necessarily increase safety or efficiency in cases where the polluter is risk neutral. Complete polluter liability is found to yield Pareto optimality. When either party is risk averse, an increase in polluter liability may sometimes reduce safety and efficiency. If the polluter is risk neutral and the victim is risk averse, Pareto optimality is only achieved by assigning full liability on the polluter, i.e. giving the victim complete property rights to a clean environment. If the polluter is risk averse and the victim is risk neutral, no level of polluter liability is optimal. In this case, optimality can only be achieved through a contract on abatement activities, such that the risk-averse polluter receives a guaranteed payment regardless of the stochastic outcome.     

我国光污染防治立法初探

光污染是继废气、废水、废渣和噪声污染之后的一种新的环境污染,其对环境的危害日益严重。我国光污染的严重现状及法律规制的不足使我国有必要进行光污染防治立法。我们应当以经济、生态的可持续发展为指导理念,制定一部光污染的单行法,建立光环境标准制度、光污染防治管理制度、公众参与制度、当事人责任分担制度等对其进行规制。     

Governing Unconventional Oil and Gas Extraction: The Case of Pennsylvania

Over the past decade, directional drilling and hydraulic fracturing enabled an unconventional oil and gas extraction (UOGE) boom in many regions of the United States, including parts of Pennsylvania. This revolution has created serious concerns about the capability of existing institutions to govern important societal outcomes associated with UOGE. We present a conceptual framework for assessing key societal outcomes influenced by UOGE governance. In applying this framework to Pennsylvania, we discern certain institutional strengths that have allowed the Commonwealth to reap appreciable short‐term economic growth from rich resource endowments. We also find, however, that several institutional weaknesses have allowed costs externalized to the environment, public health, and community integrity to offset some proportion of those economic benefits. Likewise, we find that governance of UOGE in Pennsylvania has contributed to a bifurcated sociopolitical landscape wherein adversarial coalitions dispute the legitimacy of the industry and its governance.     

污染源普查:官方主导抑或排污方主动申报——评《全国污染源普查条例》及其实施方式

全国性污染源普查——覆盖全国范围内全部污染源的调查——是必要的。但如何普查才能使效果既显著、花费又最低则是必须考虑的首要问题。《全国污染源普查条例》所规定的普查方式与本文设计的调查流程具有相同的机理：信赖排污方，相信其填报数据的真实性。但是前者调查成本远远高于后者，而调查效果和效率都不及后者。因此需要彻底反思现有的普查体制，废止该实施方式。     

污染环境犯罪案件实务问题探析

污染环境犯罪刑法条文的修改及司法解释的出台为依法严厉打击污染环境犯罪提供了强有力的保障,但是由于该类犯罪主观形态模糊、行政与刑事司法衔接不畅、相关证据标准不明确、检察机关提前介入机制不健全等因素,致使在实践中出现立案难、认定难、定罪难等问题,从而直接影响到刑法惩治预防价值功能的发挥,以及执法办案社会效果、法律效果和政治效果的实现。因此,实务部门必须吃透刑法条文本意,遵循司法运作规律,健全相关机制,提高办案质量,为本地经济社会的科学发展保驾护航。