补阳还五汤对慢性肾炎ET、CGRP的影响

用补阳还五汤治疗气虚血瘀型慢性原发性肾小球肾炎３１例，观察治疗前后血浆内皮素（ＥＴ）、降钙素基因相关肽（ＣＧＲＰ）水平，及临床疗效，并与健康组对照。结果：治疗前ＥＴ显著高于健康组（Ｐ＜０．０１），ＣＧＲＰ显著低于健康组（Ｐ＜０．０１），治疗后均显著改善（Ｐ＜０．０１），临床症状也明显改善，疗效显著（总有效率为８３．９％）。表明补阳还五汤对气虚血瘀型慢性肾炎ＥＴ、ＣＧＲＰ有调节作用     

河南汉族人群27个Y-STR基因座的突变观察与分析

目的观察分析河南汉族人群中27个Y-STR基因座的突变情况。方法收集1 000对经常染色体STR检测确定父子关系的血样本,采用STRtyper-27Y系统扩增27个Y-STR基因座分型,统计各基因座发生突变次数和类型,计算突变率以及95%CI(可信区间)。结果 27个基因座中共有27 000次等位基因传递,共发现涉及24个基因座共92次突变,平均突变率(95%CI)为3.4×10-3(2.7~4.2×10-3),其中一步突变90次(97.8%),两步突变2次(2.2%);突变共涉及89对父子,其中86对仅1个基因座发生突变(96.6%),3对同时有2个基因座发生突变(3.4%)。等位基因增加突变与等位基因减少突变分别为43次和49次,两者比例为1∶1.14。结论河南汉族人群Y-STR基因座突变可涉及基因座较多,因此在数据库建设与日常检案中应注意防止错判。     

广东汉族人群H19基因上游差异甲基化区SNP

目的调查广东汉族人群中H19基因上游差异甲基化区(differentially methylated region,DMR)的单核苷酸多态性(SNP)及单倍型。方法应用PIA分型法,以限制性内切酶Mcr BC、HpaⅡ消化基因组DNA分别获得个体单亲源DNA模板链,经测序,分别获得个体H19基因上游DMR单亲源SNP等位基因、基因型及单倍型数据。结果共检出13个SNP(rs10840167、rs2525883、rs12417375、rs4930101、rs2525882、rs2735970、rs2735971、rs11042170、rs2735972、rs10732516、rs2071094、rs2107425、rs4930098)及1个突变点(g7351c)。所有位点经统计学分析均符合Hardy-Weinberg平衡定律(P0.05)。除rs12417375位点DP值为0.279,其余12个SNP DP值在0.446~0.614;g7351c突变点DP值为0.013,提示为南方汉族民族特异性位点。共检出8种单倍型(命名为单倍型1~8),其中有3种为新发现的单倍型,其DP、PIC、PE及H分别为0.891、0.714、0.524和0.758。结论 PIA分型法获得的H19基因上游DMR SNP位点及其单倍型遗传标记系统具有较高的鉴别能力,在法医学鉴定中具有较好的实用价值。     

多巴胺D3受体对安非他明诱导的条件性位置偏爱小鼠的作用

目的研究多巴胺D3受体对安非他明条件性位置偏爱小鼠的作用。方法采用条件性位置偏爱系统,观察腹腔注射安非他明前后多巴胺D3受体基因敲除小鼠(D3RKO)及具有相同遗传背景的野生型小鼠(C57BL/6)的位置偏爱效应,采用SPSS13.0统计软件包对实验数据进行两因素重复测量方差分析以及显著性检验。结果安非他明(5mg/kg)能使D3RKO小鼠产生明显的条件性位置偏爱效应,给药前、后以及同生理盐水对照组相比均有显著性差异(P<0.001),而C57BL/6小鼠没有形成明显条件性位置偏爱效应(P>0.05)。结论多巴胺D3受体基因敲除后可以使小鼠对安非他明产生明显条件性位置偏爱效应,提示多巴胺D3受体基因可能对安非他明依赖性形成具有抑制性作用。     

药物遗传学在法医学中的应用前景

人类因为基因的差异而表现出对某种药物、毒物、外界有害的化学物质、过敏原作出不同的反应.这种遗传背景的差异使一些人可以快速地清除这些物质,而另一些人却因此产生严重的不良反应.甚至死亡.药物遗传学和药物基因组学,通过对人类基因组测序和大规模基因组多态性的鉴别研究,诠释了个体遗传差异与对药物毒物不同反应之间的关系,这为该类案件的法医学鉴定提供了新的理论基础和研究手段.     

A molecular genetic approach for species identification of mammals and sex determination of birds in a forensic case of poaching from South Korea

DNA-based analysis was performed using partial mitochondrial cytochrome b genes of five mammalian specimens and Chromo-Helicase-DNA-binding (CHD) genes of five pheasants to determine whether specimens were from illegally hunted animals. Mammalian specimens were identified as being those of horse, roe deer, and cow through gene amplification using cytb981f and cytb981r primer set and sequencing. CHD genes were revealed to be those of three male and two female pheasants through polymerase chain reaction amplification. Because hunting of roe deers and female pheasants is prohibited in Korea, these results provided forensic evidences of illegal wild animal hunting.     

HCN4 Gene Variations in Sudden Unexplained Nocturnal Death Syndrome in the Southern Han Chinese Population,

Sudden unexplained nocturnal death syndrome (SUNDS) is widely considered to be related to hereditary fatal arrhythmias. Hyperpolarization‐activated cyclic nucleotide‐gated channel 4 (HCN4) channels are widely distributed in sinus myocytes and play a profound role in generating pacemaker electro‐activity in cardiomyocytes. In the present study, the potential correlation between HCN4 gene variations and the occurrence of SUNDS was investigated. Genomic DNA was extracted from blood samples of both 119 unrelated SUNDS patients and 184 healthy individuals and screened for candidate HCN4 gene variants. One missense heterozygous variant c.1578C>T (Ala195Val) and four synonymous heterozygous variants c.1552C>T, c.2833C>T, c.3823C>T, and c.4189C>A were discovered in the SUNDS cases. The missense variant c.1578C>T (Ala195Val) was absent in 163 recruited controls and 105 persons of the Southern Han Chinese population, had in‐silico prediction indications as damaging, and was reported prevalent in sudden infant death, and is thus likely to be involved in SUNDS.     

基于RhoA/ROCK通路研究天麻素对高血压病左心室肥厚大鼠心室重构的影响

目的 观察天麻素对高血压病左心室肥厚大鼠心室重构的影响,从Ras同族体基因家族成员A(Ras homolog gene family member A,RhoA)/Rho激酶(Rho-associated kinase,ROCK)通路探究其作用机制.方法 将100只SD雄性大鼠随机分为假手术组,模型组,天麻素低剂量(1...     

骨骼肌circRNA在死亡时间推断中的初步筛选及验证研究

目的通过构建骨骼肌中环状RNA(circular RNA,circRNA)表达谱,筛选出人体骨骼肌中与死亡时间具有时序性变化的circRNAs,并对筛选出的circRNAs进行验证,进而探讨其相对表达量与死亡时间的相关性。方法芯片实验选取2例外界温度、湿度相对一致,已知死亡时间在24 h内的个体,分别于尸检即刻(12 h以内)、3、5、7、10 d各取50 g组织进行总RNA提取,并进行逆转录、探针标记、基因芯片检测等实验,初步得到circRNA表达谱;对筛选出的circRNAs在后续收集的18例检材中进行验证,对所得数据进行统计分析。结果骨骼肌组织中共检测出13156个circRNAs,但在10 d内整体呈下降趋势的circRNAs只有hsa_circ_0001727、hsa_circ_0001136、hsa_circ_0001871、hsa_circ_0005251、hsa_circ_0000284、hsa_circ_0000520、hsa_circ_00019717个。对所筛选出的7个circRNAs在18例检材中进行验证,发现只有hsa_circ_0001727、hsa_circ_0001136、hsa_circ_0001871、hsa_circ_0005251、hsa_circ_00002845个circRNAs随着死亡时间增加,其相对表达量显著下降,具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。而hsa_circ_0000520、hsa_circ_00019712个circRNAs的表达为阴性。结论circRNA是一种较为稳定的生物标记物,部分可用于死亡时间推断的研究。     

Prescribing engagement in environmental risk assessment for gene drive technology

Gene drive technology is a nascent biotechnology with the potential to purposefully alter or eliminate a species. There have been broad calls for engagement to inform gene drive governance. Over the past seven years, the gene drive community has been developing risk assessment guidelines to determine what form future gene drive risk assessments take, including whether and how they involve engagement. To explore who is developing these guidelines and how engagement in risk assessment is being prescribed, we conduct a document analysis of gene drive risk assessment guideline documents from 2014 to 2020. We found that a narrow set of organizations have developed 10 key guideline documents and that with only one exception the documents prescribe a narrow, vague, or completely absent role for engagement in gene drive risk assessment. Without substantively prescribed engagement in guidelines, the relevance, rigor, and trustworthiness of gene drive risk assessment and governance will suffer.