诱惑侦查的人性分析

诱惑侦查是一种高效的侦查措施，但在理论和实践中备受争议，究其原因是我国还缺少对诱惑侦查的人性研究。在诱惑侦查中也存在人性的“善”与“恶”，对人性的拷问恰恰是诱惑侦查所急需解决的基础性伦理问题，是在法无明文规定下正确指导诱惑侦查的基础。对诱惑侦查所必然具有的人性风险的规制必须采取道德控制先行原则，制定优良的道德控制体系实现对其人性风险的规制。并且对诱惑侦查的立法也要实现人性化。     

侦查机构与侦检关系模式研究

本文采用比较分析的方法,通过对大陆法系和英美法系等世界主要法治国家的侦查机构,以及侦查机构与检察机构的关系的考察、评析,最终立足我国法律传统和基本国情,对我国的侦查机构以及警检关系模式的构建提出些许建议。     

公安侦查类专业建设与人才培养调研报告

通过对山西省部分地区基层公安机关民警的职业素质现状和现实公安工作对民警的职业素质需求的实地调研，认真分析，认为目前刑事侦查类专业人才培养方案需要调整。改进教学方法，提高侦查类专业学生的专业能力；特别建议，以培养实践所需公安专业人才为导向，大幅度缩减公共、基础课程。     

任务驱动下的刑事案件侦查课程建设初探

《刑事案件侦查》作为侦查专业的主干课程，教学改革应以山西公安工作实际需求和服务基层实战为导向，按照任务驱动，即根据完成“刑事案件侦查”这一总任务的要求进行。主要环节应分解成几项任务：组织整合教学内容及建设实训平台，贴近公安机关刑事办案工作，使课程体系逐步得到完善，着力打造“教、学、练、战”一体化的人才培养模式。     

Development of Latent Fingerprints on Thermal Paper by the Controlled Application of Heat

Apparatus to produce a spatially and temporally uniform heat source is described and this is used to visualize latent fingerprints deposited onto thermal paper by raising the temperature of the paper. Results show an improvement over previous research when fingerprint deposits are aged or the developed fingerprints faint; visualization being enhanced by the use of a blue LED light source of 465 nm peak wavelength. An investigation of the components in fingerprint sweat likely to affect the solubility and hence color change of the dye present in the thermal paper has shown that polar protic solvents able to donate a proton are favored and a polar amino acid found commonly in eccrine fingerprint sweat (lysine) has been shown able to produce the desired color change. Aged fingerprint deposits on thermal paper from a variety of sources up to 4 years old have been visualized with this technique.     

Real‐Time Detection of Concealed Chemical Hazards Under Ambient Light Conditions Using Raman Spectroscopy

Current concerns regarding terrorism and international crime highlight the need for new techniques for detecting unknown and hazardous substances. A novel Raman spectroscopy‐based technique, spatially offset Raman spectroscopy (SORS), was recently devised for noninvasively probing the contents of diffusely scattering and opaque containers. Here, we demonstrate a modified portable SORS sensor for detecting concealed substances in‐field under different background lighting conditions. Samples including explosive precursors, drugs, and an organophosphate insecticide (chemical warfare agent surrogate) were concealed inside diffusely scattering packaging including plastic, paper, and cloth. Measurements were carried out under incandescent and fluorescent light as well as under daylight to assess the suitability of the probe for different real‐life conditions. In each case, it was possible to identify the substances against their reference Raman spectra in less than 1 min. The developed sensor has potential for rapid detection of concealed hazardous substances in airports, mail distribution centers, and customs checkpoints.     

The Use of Scale‐Invariance Feature Transform Approach to Recognize and Retrieve Incomplete Shoeprints

Shoeprints left at the crime scene provide valuable information in criminal investigation due to the distinctive patterns in the sole. Those shoeprints are often incomplete and noisy. In this study, scale‐invariance feature transform is proposed and evaluated for recognition and retrieval of partial and noisy shoeprint images. The proposed method first constructs different scale spaces to detect local extrema in the underlying shoeprint images. Those local extrema are considered as useful key points in the image. Next, the features of those key points are extracted to represent their local patterns around key points. Then, the system computes the cross‐correlation between the query image and each shoeprint image in the database. Experimental results show that full‐size prints and prints from the toe area perform best among all shoeprints. Furthermore, this system also demonstrates its robustness against noise because there is a very slight difference in comparison between original shoeprints and noisy shoeprints.     

PCR-DHPLC法检测硅藻SSU基因在溺死鉴定中的应用

目的采用PCR-DHPLC法检测硅藻SSU基因,评估其在溺死鉴定中的应用价值。方法 60只实验兔随机分为生前溺死（水中溺毙）、死后入水（空气栓塞致死后入水）、对照组（空气栓塞致死后不做处理）;溺死人体脏器组织;取各组织检材提取硅藻DNA,PCR扩增硅藻特异的核糖体小亚基（SSU）片段,用琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测、DHPLC检测分析。结果 6份硝酸消化法检测阴性的溺死人体器官组织检材经PCR及琼脂糖凝胶电泳检出5例阳性。生前溺死组肺、肝、肾硅藻检出率分别为100%、90%、85%,死后入水组仅肺检出硅藻（15%）,对照组各组织均为阴性;生前溺死组检出率明显高于死后入水组（P〈0.05）。10份溺死人体器官组织检材采用DHPLC法检出硅藻种类明显多于微波消解-扫描电镜法（P〈0.05）。脏器检出硅藻种类与溺死点水样一致。结论采用PCR-DHPLC法检测硅藻SSU基因,有助于溺死鉴定和溺死地点的推断,具有法医学应用价值。     

纳米材料在潜指纹显现中的应用

本文综述了纳米材料以均匀分散的液体或粉末形式在法庭科学潜指纹显现领域的研究现状,重点阐述了金属纳米材料、金属氧化物纳米材料及半导体纳米材料显现多种遗留客体上不同状况的潜指纹,并对纳米材料在法庭科学领域的应用前景进行了展望。     

Effects of preconceptions on deception detection and new answers to why lie-catchers often fail

Abstract

This study investigated the extent to which crediting and discrediting background information, given to observers before they watched three video-taped interviews with the same witness, affected their veracity judgments. Our analyses show that the observers' distribution of truth/lie-judgments were more affected by crediting than discrediting background information. We also mapped the subjective cues given to justify the truth/lie-judgments, and found that the most frequently used cue was whether or not the three statements were consistent over time. In addition, our analysis revealed two types of inter-observer disagreements. One type referred to how different cues were perceived (e.g., forty observers perceived the three statements as being inconsistent over time while an equal number perceived the same three statements as being consistent over time). The second type referred to how different cues were used (e.g., the fact that the witness was perceived as not being confident in his testimony worked against him equally as often as it worked for him).