颅内出血患者血清IL-6、TNF-α变化在法医临床鉴定中的意义

目的探讨颅内出血患者血清IL-6、TNF-α的水平变化及在法医学的临床意义。方法采用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)对颅内出血患者住院后不同时间段血清IL-6、TNF-α水平进行检测,并与正常对照组的健康受试者进行比较分析。结果研究组重型与轻型患者后第1、3、5、7天血清IL-6、TNF-α水平较正常对照组明显增加,重型患者入院第5、7天的血清IL-6、TNF-α较轻型患者明显增加,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);根据患者最后结果(死亡组和存活组),发现死亡组随着时间延长,在第5、7天时IL-6、TNF-α水平显著高于存活组(P0.05)。此外,血清IL-6和TNF-α水平呈正性显著相关(r=0.721,P0.05)。结论检测颅内出血患者血清IL-6、TNF-α水平对观察其病情变化有重要意义,可作为法医学鉴定的辅助手段。     

European Law Beyond ‘Ever Closer Union’ Repositioning the Concept,its Thrust and the ECJ's Comparative Methodology

The article investigates competing understandings of European law. It supports, against the prevailing EU‐centred understanding, an ecumenical concept that embraces EU law, supplementing international instruments, the European Convention on Human Rights and, importantly, various domestic laws enacting or responding to such transnational law, as well as European comparative law. To keep the concept in sync with European politics, it posits a new idea that binds the parts together: to provide for a European legal space rather than further European integration (the ever closer union). This idea can also serve as European law's functional equivalent to forming one legal order. European law thus conceived grasps the puzzling complex of interdependent legal orders, sets a common frame for corresponding reconstructions (European composite constructions, legal pluralism, network theories, federalism or intergovernmentalism) and allows forces with diverging outlooks to meet in one legal field, on one more neutral disciplinary platform. Within this framework, European comparative law finds a new mission as well as a sound legal basis.     

The State of the Art of Child Hearings in Germany. Results of a Nationwide Representative Study in German Courts

According to German family law, in family court proceedings that deal with custody or access rights, family judges are obligated to personally hear the child if the feelings, ties, or will of the child are significant for the decision. In a research study commissioned by the Federal Ministry of Justice, a nationwide representative survey of all judges compiled their personal information and their attitudes and expectations as well as various parameters regarding the concrete practice of hearing children. Also, with a very complex methodological design, over 50 children and their parents were studied one week in advance of the hearing, directly before and after the hearing, and four weeks following the hearing. The results of the study are presented, particularly those pertaining to the burden and relief for the children and the expectations of judges. The practical experiences of family judges in personally hearing children are included as well.     

A Randomized Comparative Effectiveness Trial of Two Court‐Connected Programs for High‐Conflict Families

Parents who experience great amounts of legal conflict as they dissolve their relationship and arrive at their parenting arrangements require an outsize proportion of courts’ time and resources. Additionally, there is overwhelming evidence that conflict has a deleterious effect on their children. We partnered with the family court to conduct a study comparing the effectiveness of two programs for families deemed by their judge to be high conflict and thereby mandated to a program. Both involved one 3‐hour session; the existing program, Parent Conflict Resolution (PCR), used exhortational lecture and video; the newly designed experimental program, Family Transitions Guide (FTG), based on motivational interviewing, employed exercises attempting to get parents to decide for themselves what they needed to do for the sake of their children. Parents were assigned at random to one of the two programs (the literature often terms this a randomized clinical trial) and were interviewed just before it began and 9 months later, as was a child. Results showed that child's report of their own well‐being was significantly improved by FTG as compared to PCR and that these effects were mediated by children feeling less caught in the middle. On several variables, parent report showed that parents in PCR as compared to FTG felt decreased problems in co‐parenting and less interparental conflict, although the effects were not consistent across mother and father report. There was also evidence of diminished legal conflict over 9 months in FTG as compared to PCR.     

从制度修辞视角看法律信仰

法律能否被信仰?这是国内法学界近二十年来持续关注的一个重要理论争点。尽管法律信仰的理论有演化为意识形态的倾向,但法律信仰论自身是一种严谨的理论论述。法律信仰的论述理据,不应仅仅是伯尔曼所强调的法律与宗教在某种意义上的契合性或相似性,而且还在于即便完全不受宗教影响的、世俗化的法律,作为一种价值体系、传统、"事物规定性"的规范表达以及舍此无他的利益获取机制的内在禀赋。法律在实质上是基于价值、事实以及与此相关的利益的博弈结果或博弈的规范表述,是一种制度修辞。人们对一种制度修辞抱持不尽的热忱和追求,恰如人们虔信、又热忱地追求同样是一种修辞预设的上帝一样。所以,从制度修辞视角看法律信仰,饶有兴味——法律、法治本身是信仰的事业。     

夯实基础 从容应试——刍议五年制司法警官高职学生公务员考试辅导问题

日前,江苏省公布了2008年的考试录用公务员的公告。今年的公务员录用考试具有职位数大幅缩减和对学历要求更高等特点。这预示着高职学生在参加公务员录用考试时将不得不面对与本科生和普通专科生之间的激烈竞争。为此,许多高职院校加强了对学生公务员录用考试的辅导。在辅导过程中,存在着学生的文化基础与能力有待强化;辅导的内外交流有待增强;辅导的信息反馈和激励机制有待加强等方面的问题。当前必须针对这些问题采取相应的对策措施,才能不断提高辅导质量,确保最后考试的通过率。     

整合情报信息 优化警察临战决策

实现对警察临战活动的动态管理,建立警察临战决策支持系统,帮助临战指挥者在短时间内迅速而科学地作出和实施突发性事件决策,是获取临战活动竞争优势的保证。基于数据仓库的临战决策支持系统,利用数据挖掘技术建立各种模型和知识仓库进行分析,并通过一系列形象化手段向临战决策者提供分析结果,可使决策者从更广泛、更全面的视角了解临战情况并分析其发展趋势及内在原因并据此作出更科学的决策。     

民主社会主义思潮与苏东剧变浅析

民主社会主义实质就是一种社会改良主义。它主张在不触动现存资本主义统治的条件下进行改良,渐进地、和平地过渡到社会主义。在民主社会主义思潮的影响下,马克思主义指导地位被削弱,阵地被缩小,以致完全丧失。由此可以看出,民主社会主义与我们的科学社会主义是完全对立的两种意识形态。     

汉代法制中的人文精神

汉代是传统法转型的时期,不啻在立法指导思想上与秦朝分野,在法律制度上多有改革,它继承和创制了许多具有人文精神的法制原则和法律制度,是一个在传统法延续过程中非常重要的时代。从人文视角探究汉代法制的理性元素,诸如矜老恤幼、容隐制度、录囚制度等内在的价值,挖掘传统法文化遗产的优质内涵,可以为现代立法提供镜鉴。     

大学生网络成瘾与社交焦虑关系的调查研究

选取山东省两所高校共438名大学生为被试,采用问卷法考察社交焦虑和网络成瘾在大学生群体中的表现特点及两者之间的关系。研究发现：（1）性别和专业对大学生网络成瘾的主效应显著,且年级和专业的交互作用显著;（2）年级和专业对大学生社交焦虑的主效应显著;（3）大学生社交焦虑与网络成瘾之间存在高度正相关。