Driving Under the Influence of Synthetic Cannabinoid Receptor Agonist XLR‐11

The case of a 22‐year‐old male Caucasian driver is presented. He was involved in a traffic collision. At the roadside, he displayed blank stare and mellow speech with a barely audible voice. A DRE found low body temperature, rigid muscle tone, normal pulse, lack of horizontal and vertical gaze nystagmus, nonconvergence of the eyes, dilated pupil size, and normal Pupillary reaction to light. A standard toxicology DUID protocol was performed on the driver's whole blood including ELISA and GC‐MS drug screens with negative results. Additional drug screening was undertaken for bath salts and synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists by LC‐MS/MS by a commercial laboratory and identified the synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonist XLR‐11 in the driver's blood. XLR‐11 was subsequently quantified at 1.34 ng/mL. This is the first documented case involving a driver operating a motor vehicle under the influence of the synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonist XLR‐11.     

Radiocarbon Analysis of Human Remains: A Review of Forensic Applications

Radiocarbon analysis of organic materials, with the comparison of values with those of the post‐1950 modern bomb curve, has proven useful in forensic science to help evaluate the antiquity of evidence. Applications are particularly helpful in the study of human remains, especially with those displaying advanced decomposition of soft tissues. Radiocarbon analysis can reveal if the remains relate to the modern, post‐1950 era and if so, also provide information needed to evaluate the death and birth date. Sample selection and interpretation of results must be guided by knowledge of the formation and remodeling of different human tissues, as well as contextual information and the approximate age at death of the individual represented. Dental enamel does not remodel and thus captures dietary radiocarbon values at the time of juvenile formation. Most other human tissues do remodel but at differing rates and therefore collectively offer key information relative to the estimation of the death date.     

Types of crimes committed by repeat DUI offenders

This study investigates whether repeat driving under the influence (DUI) offenders have more extensive histories of violent, property, and drug crimes than first-time drunk drivers. It also offers an exploratory investigation into the extent of their criminal specialization. Negative binomial regression was performed on arrest and criminal history data from a systematic random sample of 429 DUI arrestees. Analyses controlling for age, gender, ethnicity, and employment found that being a repeat DUI offender increased the total number of violent and property convictions (regardless of severity) and petty misdemeanor/violation property convictions. The results suggest DUI recidivists are generalists rather than specialists and that impaired driving is best viewed as just one manifestation of a host of deviant behaviors. They also illustrate the challenges of rehabilitating and deterring DUI recidivists and the potential differences between first-time and repeat DUI offenders. The findings should not be interpreted as support of enforcement or deterrent DUI policies that focus on repeat offenders, as limited resources are most efficiently directed at the general population of impaired drivers.     

试论药品不良反应民事责任和救济制度

药品不良反应主要是指合格药品在正常用法用量的情况下出现的与用药目的无关的或意外的有害反应。药品发生了不良反应 ,应由有过错行为的生产经营者承担法律责任。在各方都无过错时 ,国家应当建立药品不良反应救济制度予以救济     

关于机关党组织加强执政能力建设的思考

新世纪、新阶段党的执政能力建设面临新的挑战和考验。机关党的建设直接关系党的执政能力建设,机关各级党组织要适应执政的需要,明确加强党的执政能力建设的根本要求、核心内容和具体要求,结合机关的实际,大力拓展机关党组织加强执政能力建设的新途径,切实把加强党的执政能力建设贯穿于思想、组织、作风和制度建设的各个方面和全部过程,不断推进党的建设新的伟大工程。     

Alternatives to EU Membership and the Rational Imagination

The domestic scenario following a Brexit vote is likely to be characterised by high stakes, uncertainty and fissile political debate. No off‐the‐peg arrangement touted for Brexit—be it Norwegian, Swiss, Turkish or Canadian—was designed to engage with such a context. Nor does it seem wise to rush to medium‐term commitments which might pre‐empt democratic politics and wise choices. Far more important will be the legitimacy of any institutional settlement governing this arrangement, which will provide the context for its revision and development and the space for democratic reflection over how these policies are to be governed. It will be suggested that here there is much insight to be gained from looking at regional arrangements beyond the EU.     

滨海新区构建生态新城的生态学解析及立法思考

天津滨海新区要建成生态城区,其开发开放离不开生态环境的保护与恢复。该文着眼于滨海新区开发开放中生态环境保护,基于该区生态环境现状,在分析天津市十一五环境规划相关内容的基础上,从生态哲学、环境立法角度对滨海新区的生态环境保护与建设进行了理论探索。     

我国法治政府建设面临的问题与对策分析

全面落实依法治国基本方略,加快建设社会主义法治国家,建设法治政府,是我国政府做出的重大决策。由于我国现实状况的影响,我国建设法治政府面临着一些亟待解决的问题,有必要对这些问题进行分析并提出相应的对策。     

法学教育与法治启蒙

法治并不仅仅是一种制度,也是一种信念和生活方式。因此,推行法治不仅要进行法律移植和制度完善,更重要的是要进行法治启蒙。但由于多种因素的影响,我国法学教育的法治启蒙功能却未能有效发挥出来,制约了法治秩序的真正建立。为此,我们必须进行深度的法学教育改革,充分发挥法学教育的法治启蒙功能,推进法治国家的早日形成。     

紧急状态对西方法治的挑战及其理论反思

运用紧急权应对紧急状态已经成为一个日益棘手的问题。西方的法治与紧急状态是矛盾的。我国的法治及其民主建设应该从西方法治与紧急状态之间的矛盾汲取有益的经验和教训。