Governing Unconventional Oil and Gas Extraction: The Case of Pennsylvania

Over the past decade, directional drilling and hydraulic fracturing enabled an unconventional oil and gas extraction (UOGE) boom in many regions of the United States, including parts of Pennsylvania. This revolution has created serious concerns about the capability of existing institutions to govern important societal outcomes associated with UOGE. We present a conceptual framework for assessing key societal outcomes influenced by UOGE governance. In applying this framework to Pennsylvania, we discern certain institutional strengths that have allowed the Commonwealth to reap appreciable short‐term economic growth from rich resource endowments. We also find, however, that several institutional weaknesses have allowed costs externalized to the environment, public health, and community integrity to offset some proportion of those economic benefits. Likewise, we find that governance of UOGE in Pennsylvania has contributed to a bifurcated sociopolitical landscape wherein adversarial coalitions dispute the legitimacy of the industry and its governance.     

The devil we know and the angel that did not fly: An examination of devil/angel shift in twitter fracking “debates” in NY 2008–2018

Recent work has applied the Narrative Policy Framework (NPF) to examine narrative strategies in policy debates on social media platforms. We contribute to the literature by applying the NPF to fracking policy debates in New York using well-established Natural Language Processing tools, including sentiment analysis. We combine this computational approach with a qualitative hand-coding of pro- and antifracking Twitter influentials. This approach allows us to consider a much larger corpus of tweets over a much longer time frame than has been done thus far. We adapt and test NPF propositions related to the use of the devil/angel shift strategies before and after a major state-wide policy change, that is, a state-wide moratorium on high volume hydraulic fracturing or fracking. Overall, we find evidence for the use of the devil shift narrative strategy by the pro-fracking coalition aimed at the Governor prior to the moratorium. After the moratorium, the relative percentage of Tweets containing devil shift sentiments decreases as the pro-fracking coalition generally downshifts in its use of angel shift language without a corresponding increase in devil shift language, whereas, conversely, the anti-fracking coalition generally downshifts in its use of devil shift language without a general increase in angel shift language. When we shifted our analysis to Tweets containing fracking and the Governor, we found a similar postban decrease in devil shift language among anti-fracking users. Our findings offer lessons for using computational tools in the NPF as an approach to expand analytic ability and for the operationalization of concepts such as narrative strategies and policy entrepreneurs.     

Sachbezugsverordnung

§ 2 der Sachbezugsverordnungen wird als gesetzwidrig aufgehoben (wobei die Aufhebung der zuletzt genannten Bestimmung mit Ablauf des 31. 12. 2008 in Kraft tritt).     

司马迁生年及相关问题考辨

新发现的《史记正义》佚表明：《博物志》的资料是推考司马迁生年的唯一原始资料，也是司马贞、张守节共同依据的史料。据此推算，司马迁只能是生于武帝建元六年而不可能是景帝中元五年。由此推考，《游侠列传》等五篇赞语中的“太史公”应是司马谈而不是司马迁，这些篇目的写作应自司马谈始。     

Volksanwaltsbestellung,Gewaltenteilung, Vorschlagserstellung als Gesetzgebungsangelegenheit

Die Zurückweisung eines Nominierungsvorschlags durch die Obfrau des Hauptausschusses des Nationalrats im Zuge der Erstellung eines Gesamtvorschlags für die Wahl der Mitglieder der Volksanwaltschaft ist eine Angelegenheit der Gesetzgebung und nicht der Verwaltung und schon deshalb nicht als Bescheid bek?mpfbar.     

Unanfechtbarkeit einer Entscheidung über die sachliche Zuständigkeit

Bejaht ein Gericht seine sachliche Zust?ndigkeit mit der Begründung, die Parteien h?tten eine entsprechende Zust?ndigkeitsvereinbarung iSd § 104 Abs 1 JN getroffen, so ist die Entscheidung gem § 45 JN unanfechtbar.     

东亚合作的现状与未来

１０＋３合作是东亚合作的主渠道，在世界各地区合作中独树一帜。经过几年来的发展，这种合作已取得显著进展，且打下了坚实基础。１０＋３合作势头良好，但未来发展仍面临一些问题。中国是１０＋３的重要一员，１０＋３的发展对中国具有十分重要的意义。     

瞿秋白与共产国际直接指导召开的中共六大

中共六大是由共产国际直接指导召开的,是中共党的历史上惟一一次在国外召开的代表大会。瞿秋白作为上届党中央的主要负责人和盲动主义错误的主要施行者,既是大会筹备和召开的主要组织者和主持人,又是大会的主要被批评对象。在中共六大上,瞿秋白因犯过盲动主义错误,失去了共产国际的支持,其领导职务被工人出身的向忠发接替。由同一个人来承担党代会批评甚至是批判的接受者以及唱主角的组织者,这在中共历次代表大会中是惟一的一次;而一个在党的代表大会上唱主角的党中央主要负责人又没有被大会当选为继任,这同样也是中共历次代表大会中的惟一一次。另外,六大诞生了中共党的历史上惟一一任工人出身的总书记。可以说,这么几个"惟一"都与共产国际的直接安排密切相关。     

苏青散文意象化丑为美的审美艺术价值

苏青营造的意乳总是带有幽冷险怪的丑,而她却善于抓住这些丑的意象的核心,用奇谲的语言来描述这些意象,使其化丑为美,即让丑的意象带给读者艺术的美的享受,从而体现意象的审美艺术价值。     

Art,Cold War Diplomacy and Commonwealth: Australian and Canadian Art at the Tate Gallery 1962–1964

This article analyses the formation, presentation and reception of two seminal exhibitions: Australian Painting: Colonial, Impressionist, Contemporary (1962–1963) and Canadian Painting 1939–1963 (1964). The presentation of these exhibitions at London’s Tate Gallery reflected the institution’s support for “old dominion” Commonwealth members. The exhibitions also highlight the differing visions of the Canadian and Australian governments concerning the relationship between art, diplomacy and politics during the Cold War. In Canada, Vincent Massey (Governor General 1952–1959) played a key role in ensuring that all forms of Canadian art were promoted internationally. Massey wanted to connect with the European and American avant-garde and to be part of a multiracial Commonwealth. This contrasted with the rather “old-fashioned” views of the Australian prime minister, Robert Menzies, and the Commonwealth Art Advisory Board. They supported a Commonwealth dominated by the “white dominions” and the initial exhibition plan for Australian Painting recalled previous British Empire art shows. The British response to the Canadian and Australian exhibitions is also discussed. British critics preferred the nationally identifiable “exotic” art found in Australian art to the transnational forms of international abstraction in Canadian art. Eventually, Australia “caught up” with Canadian cultural policy following the establishment of the Australia Council.