Still a new democracy? Individual-level effects of social trust on political trust in South Korea

The social capital theory holds that there is a positive relationship between social and political trust; however, despite the prominence of this postulation, this relationship has often been disputed among political scientists. While recent studies on advanced democracies have shown a strong positive relationship between social and political trust, studies on East Asian democracies, which previously showed a weak or negative relation, remain scant, separating these countries into their own category of new democracies. The motivation of this study is based on the importance of revisiting the relationship between social and political trust using recent data from one such country—South Korea—to determine the nature of this previously studied negative or weak relationship. The results of this study indicate that generalized social trust in South Korea is positively associated with political trust. This result is in line with recent findings in advanced democracies. While this positive relationship is consistent and significant across models, a greater portion of political trust is explained by economic and political performance, including factors such as the economy, corruption, inequality, and the welfare system, making institutional performance a critical predictor of political trust.     

Does it matter ‘who governs?’ Governance networks,local economic development policies,and the Great Recession

This study purports to examine whether governance networks influence cities’ use of local economic development policies, specifically business incentives, and if the role of networks changed during the Great Recession. Using American cities that responded to the International City/County Management Association’s Economic Development Survey in 2004 and 2009, hierarchical cluster analysis was employed to identify groups of cities with similar network membership patterns. The results of negative binomial regression models indicate that before the recession, the total number of actors participating in the network played a larger role in the total number of incentives provided by cities as well as the use of tax incentives. This changed in 2009 when network type emerged as the important governance-based determinant of the same variables. The results also suggest that traditional theories of economic development do not hold during times of economic and fail to explain the use of planning and labour incentives.     

佛学的东方属性及亚洲核心思想之地位——高楠顺次郎的佛学价值功能论

日本“东洋学”家高楠顺次郎站在亚洲整体观及东方学的立场上,对佛学之于印度的“文化清算”功能做了深入系统的分析阐述,认为佛学的出现标志着来自西方的印度雅利安人的文化由物质性的文化改造为精神性的东方文化,指出佛学从十五个方面对以往婆罗门教文化做了彻底的“文化清算”,从而与雅利安人固有的“西方思想”分道扬镳,实现了佛学的东方化,不仅改变了印度的历史文化的发展进程,而且逐渐成为“亚洲的核心思想”;他还进一步对印度、中国和日本的佛学特色做了比较。高楠顺次郎关于印度佛学的研究贯穿着“东方-西方”意识,表现了“亚洲核心思想”的认同,富有理论东方学的价值,值得我们进行批判的分析研究。     

Leadership Styles as Perceived by Career Senior Service Executives

Abstract

This study identifies the prevailing leadership styles of career Senior Executive Service (SES) members of the Federal Government. This study also determines if an association exits between SES member's self‐perceived leadership style and personal characteristics, such as gender, years in the Federal Service, and highest academic degree earned. The study population consists of 6395 career SES members. A random sample of 364 career SES members was selected. The selected group was asked to respond to a demographic data questionnaire and the Styles of Leadership Survey (SLS). Over 34% of the sample completed the instrument and data questionnaire. This study reveals that Strategic Leadership Style (5/5) is the dominant self‐perceived leadership style of career SES members. The personal characteristics of gender, years employed in the Federal Government, and educational attainment were identified as being significant factors influencing leadership styles of Federal Government executives.     

关于风化犯罪立法的完善——以东南亚3国与中国的立法比较为视角

本文通过对东南亚国家中具有代表性的泰国、越南、新加坡3国与中国关于妨害风化犯罪的立法比较,发现其各自不同的法律特色;东南亚国家与我国在法律文化上有诸多共性,这对我国法律的完善具有极大的参考价值。     

从马来西亚与日本的关系变化看冷战后东亚格局的演变

冷战后,东亚地区的国际格局发生了重大的变化,大国关系处于历史性调整时期。东盟在亚太地区的影响日益上升,并逐渐成为塑造东亚格局的重要一极。中国的崛起和日本实力的相对下降深刻地改变了东亚地区的国际关系。本文通过分析马来西亚和日本的关系演变,管窥冷战后东亚格局的演变。     

外来族群影响下的东南亚妇女的经济角色:历史的探源

东南亚妇女在前殖民时期就从事经济生产,在外来族群的楔入和影响下成为区域经济体系的重要参与者,经历了以性关系为基础向家庭关系为基础的经济角色转换,再朝着以社会关系为基础的经济角色发展。探悉东南亚妇女经济角色的发源为其在当代社会经济活动中的积极角色提供了历史的解释,展现了其在前殖民时期至殖民时期的嬗变过程,并揭示了影响这一过程的外部因素。     

Transnationalisation, Orientalism and Crime

The paper begins with the question: how applicable are European and North American criminological theories to the situation in Asia? It takes a transnational and comparative perspective in relating contemporary and historical trends in crime, crime definition and crime control in a variety of Asian countries that comprise the so-called Confucian sphere. It provides a criminological critique of the ‘Asian values debate’ and, through an analysis of trends in crime, crime definition and crime control in China and Japan, of organised crime across the region, as well as selected examples of state-organised crime, seeks to provide a perspective on the developing criminological discourses of ‘the Orient’. The paper argues that, although cultural aspects are important and interesting in understanding the crime situation in the region, ultimately it is changes in politics and governance, economy and society that are most efficacious in explaining current criminological trends and developments.     

GENDER,NEIGHBORHOOD DANGER,AND RISK‐AVOIDANCE STRATEGIES AMONG URBAN AFRICAN‐AMERICAN YOUTHS*

Research consistently reveals that fear of crime and perceived risk are demographically and ecologically patterned. Women and individuals in disadvantaged community settings report increased fear and perceptions of risk. For women, these fears and perceptions are tied to concerns about sexual violence specifically, whereas for individuals in distressed neighborhoods, crime rates, “incivilities,” and poor police‐community relations are often identified as important correlates. Here, we build from the insights of previous research by examining the gendered nature of perceived risk and risk‐management strategies among urban African‐American adolescents. Our findings suggest that both risk and risk‐avoidance strategies are strikingly different for young women and young men and are shaped by the gendered organizational features of neighborhood life. We propose that future research will benefit by continuing to investigate how social vulnerabilities function in tandem to structure risks across ecological settings.     

论广州亚运安保警务情报机制的构建

情报信息是亚运安保部门最重要的安全资源和工作基础,公安机关作为亚运安保工作的主力军,在亚运会的安全保卫工作中必须进行科学的社情评估,建立高效的警务情报机制,精心组织实施安保工作,力争实现＂和谐亚运＂的工作目标。