我国内地与澳门公务员绩效考核制度的比较分析

绩效考核是政府公务员绩效管理的重要环节和手段。本文拟在对内地与澳门公务员绩效考核制度进行系统比较的基础上,从中总结澳门在公务员绩效考核制度方面值得借鉴之处,并对如何完善我国公务员绩效考核制度提出一些思考性意见。     

《永久性残损评定指南（第六版）》基础概念评介

美国医学会第六版的《永久性残损评定指南》,代表了残损评定领域最新的、革命性进展。《永久性残损评定指南》旨在完善残损等级评定方法、提高评定的准确程度、增强评定结论的可信度,并使评定系数标准化,为残损评定提供稳定的、完备的方法。《永久性残损评定指南》最终目的在于,使利用该指南进行残损等级评定的结论具有权威性、公正性,并为评定所涉及的各方所认可。《永久性残损评定指南》的检查方法、术语以及分析架构以世界卫生组织的《国际功能、残疾和健康分类》为基础,涵盖了当今美国及国际社会最新有关残损等级评定研究成果,包括更为复杂、广泛的医学诊断手段,和更为准确功能丧失系数的解释说明等内容。所有的这些更新内容均有利于帮助鉴定人,在残损等级评定过程中消除争议,提高评定准确率。本文简要介绍了《永久性残损评定指南》第六版的基础概念,为我国法医临床学研究、借鉴《永久性残损评定指南》进行伤残评定提供依据。     

Assessment of the Capacity to Express Informed Consent for Organ Donation in Patients with Schizophrenia

Abstract: In Italy, the “silent‐consent” principle of donor’s willingness regulates organ donation for postmortem transplantation, but civil incompetence excludes it. We investigated decisional capacity for organ donation for transplantation of 30 controls and 30 nonincompetent patients with schizophrenia as related to clinical symptoms, cognition, and functioning. Assessments were carried out through the Competence for Donation Assessment Scale (CDAS), Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS), Scale for the Assessment of Positive Symptoms (SAPS), Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms, Life Skills Profile (LSP), Raven’s Colored Progressive Matrices (RCPM), Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, Rey RI, Rey RD, and Visual Search. Patients and controls differed on the CDAS Understanding and Choice Expression areas. Patients showed significant inverse bivariate correlations between CDAS Understanding and scores on total BPRS, LSP self‐care scale, and RCPM cognitive test. Our results show that decisional capacity for participating in research does not predict decisional capacity for postmortem organ donation in patients with schizophrenic or schizoaffective psychosis; hence, before judging consent for donation, patients must be provided with enhanced information to better understand this delicate issue.     

Tippins and Wittman Revisited: Law,Social Science,and the Role of the Child Custody Expert 14 Years Later

It has been 14 years since Tippins and Wittmann ( 2005 ) voiced concern for the overreaching role the expert may play in matters of family law. This article sets their levels of inference within the context of the culture of both law and social science. We examine how inferences are impacted by the relative emphasis child custody experts give to the five stakeholders involved in child custody evaluations (CCEs): courts, lawyers, parents, children, and professional governing bodies. Acculturation of the assessor to law contributes to more egregious inferences, versus the more modest ones Tippins and Wittmann advocated. How evaluators prioritize stakeholders shapes their opinion and methodology. We offer an expanded perspective that views how their levels of inference are manifest in reports, methodology, and recommendations and the influence of the culture of law and the mindset of the clinician. We hope to encourage clinicians to find ways to operationalize clinical humility, assume their proper role, and remain true to their master identity as licensed mental health professionals and their proper sphere of authority.     

完善我国战略环境影响评价制度的立法思考

战略环境影响评价制度是环境与发展综合决策的一项重要制度 ,是实施可持续发展战略的重要法律手段之一。随着《中华人民共和国环境影响评价法》(以下简称《环境影响评价法》)的颁布实施 ,战略环境影响评价制度已在我国得到了初步确立。文章从可持续发展的角度 ,阐述了战略环境影响评价制度的深远意义 ,并就进一步完善我国战略环评制度提出了立法建设。     

渐进式整合:基层干部绩效考核的统一化逻辑

基于渐进主义的分析视角,通过考察G省西北部L县H乡2013—2018年改革个人工作考核体系的动态发展过程,研究基层政府在解决冲突繁杂的事务和多元考核对象的复杂情境与压力型体制下,如何不断调适和修正基层干部考核制度,形成以"渐进式整合"为特质的干部考核制度的演化路径,探求其深层的制度理性。我们发现,为解决现行基层治理和考核制度的合法性危机和有效性困境,基层政府会在外部环境和内部因素的双重影响下,不断在考核体系中纳入和巩固原本游离于体系之外的人员要素,如聘用人员、上级派驻的驻村干部,以及本应在考核体系之内却并未发挥效用的构成要素,如结果兑现、群众参与,最终形成自下而上的基层干部考核统一化整合框架,制度变革体现了理性选择的适当性逻辑。考核机制放弃了标准化、形式化和向上对标,采取了简单化、操作化和向下对标的松散耦合结构,体现了干中学的组织学习过程。它强化了干部考核制度的合法性基础,部分地缓解了基层治理的悬浮性问题,扭转了形式主义和痕迹主义带来的组织行为异化现象,有助于激活基层干部创新性发展、激发干部前瞻性行动、激励干部创造性干事。     

公安微博公信力分析——以“长春盗车弑婴案件”报道为例

公安微博作为公共媒介的特殊形式，对其公信力的研究具有重要意义。文章以吉林公安微博报道“长春弑婴案件”为例，以媒介公信力量表为参考，结合公安微博的特点，对公安微博公信力进行分析和评价，并为如何重构公安微博公信力的提升路径提出建议。