全血中度冷丁的气—联用法测定及代谢动力学的研究

应用气－质联用选择离子法测定全血中度冷丁的浓度。方法线性范围为０．００２～１ｎｇ／ｍｌ（ｒ＝０．９９９７），变异系数小于１０％，最低检测限过１ｎｇ／ｍｌ，无杂质干扰。本法已用于肌注８０ｍｇ度冷丁后代谢动力学的研究。     

社会转型与农村医疗卫生

随着我国进入社会转型加速期,农村医疗卫生的宏观环境发生了重大变化,农民对健康越来越重视,健康观念对农民生活的影响也越来越大.农村疾病模式也正向慢性病模式转变,农民面临双重疾病负担.农民求医难、看病贵问题仍然没有得到很好解决,新农村建设中必须大力加强农村医疗卫生建设.     

The Cultural and Developmental Significance of Parenting Processes in Adolescent Anxiety and Depression Symptoms

This study examined the cultural and developmental significance of maternal and paternal parenting processes (closeness, support, monitoring, communication, conflict, and peer approval) for measures of anxiety and depression symptoms in adolescents from Hungary, the Netherlands, Switzerland, and the United States (N=6,935). Across all cultural contexts, measures of maternal and paternal support and conflict were most consistently associated with measures of internalizing behaviors. Few differences were observed in the importance of individual parenting processes for anxiety or depression symptoms across cultures. Additionally, with the exception of maternal conflict for anxiety and depression symptoms and paternal closeness for depression symptoms, none of the parenting process dimensions differed in importance for internalizing behaviors across developmental periods (middle versus late adolescence). The investigation provides evidence of great similarity in developmental processes, both across cultural contexts and developmental periods.

中国古代史研究21世纪展望--"21世纪中国历史学展望学术讨论会"中国古代史组讨论纪实

2002年5月云南大学召开了"21世纪中国历史学展望学术讨论会",这是进入21世纪以后中国历史学界的一次盛会。与会专家学者对20世纪的中国历史学研究进行总结,畅谈了对21世纪中国历史学的展望。中国古代史组的专家学者们在研讨中,提出一些重要的学术见解和改革建议。这对今后中国古代史的学科发展乃至整个中国历史学的发展,都将具有重要意义。     

网络与人的当代发展

网络不仅大大促进了生产力的发展,提高了人们的物质生活水平,而且还使人类的主体状况得到了极大的改善．为人的全面发展创造了新的机遇和可能。劳动本身的异化性质由此得到很大改变,人们也不再局限于物质活动层面的外在交往．而是更加倾向于精神化层面的内在交往。网络形成的世界性普遍交往使“偶然性”的个人为世界历史个人所代替,使每个个人感受到人类共同魄价值追求．并从中汲取营养．从而促进自身的全面发展。     

中国共产党对科学社会主义的理论创新

中国共产党对科学社会主义的理论创新主要体现在：开创了独具中国特色的新民主主义革命和社会主义改造的道路,建立了独具中国特色的人民民主专政,提出了社会主义初级阶段的理论,揭示了社会主义的本质,提出了“一国两制”的构想,初步实现了社会主义与市场经济的有机结合,实现了社会主义所有制理论的新突破,提出了依法治国和以德治国相结合的方略。     

The mouse that trolled: the long and tortuous history of a gene mutation patent that became an expensive impediment to Alzheimer's research

This case study presents the tale of the academic discovery of a rare mutation for early-onset Alzheimer''s disease that was patented by a sole inventor and licensed to a non-practicing entity (NPE), the Alzheimer''s Institute of America (AIA). Our aims are (1) to relate this story about patents, research tools, and impediments to medical progress, and (2) to inform ongoing debates about how patents affect research, disposition of university inventions, and the distribution of benefits from publicly funded research. We present an account of the hunt for Alzheimer''s genes, their patenting, assignment, and enforcement based on literature, litigation records and judicial decisions. While AIA''s litigation eventually failed, its suits against 18 defendants, including one university, one foundation, and three non-profit organizations were costly in court years, legal fees, and expert time. Reasons for the failure included non-disclosure of co-inventors, State laws on ownership and assignment of university inventions, and enablement. We discuss the policy implications of the litigation, questioning the value of patents in the research ecosystem and the role of NPEs (“patent trolls”) in biotechnological innovation. The case illustrates tactics that may be deployed against NPEs, including, avenues to invalidate patent claims, Authorization and Consent, legislative reforms specifically targeting NPEs, reforms in the America Invents Act, and judicial action and rules for judicial proceedings. In the highly competitive research environment of Alzheimer''s genetics in the 1990s, patents played a minor, subordinate role in spurring innovation. The case produces a mixed message about the patent system. It illustrates many mistakes in how patents were obtained, administered, and enforced, but, eventually, the legal system rectified these mistakes, albeit slowly, laboriously, and at great cost.     

A retrospective analysis of cardiovascular deaths: A 5-year autopsy study of 1045 cases in Antalya,Turkey

This study aims to identify the macroscopic and microscopic changes that occur in the heart in different causes of cardiovascular death and sudden cardiac death in autopsy cases and evaluate the difficulties that a forensic practitioner may encounter during autopsies. All forensic autopsy cases in the Morgue Department of the Council of Forensic Medicine, Antalya Group Administration between January 1, 2015, and December 31, 2019, were examined, retrospectively. The cases were chosen according to inclusion and exclusion criteria, and their autopsy reports were examined in detail. It was determined that 1045 cases met the study criteria, 735 of which were also met the sudden cardiac death criteria. The top three common causes of death were ischemic heart disease (n = 719, 68.8%), left ventricular hypertrophy (n = 105, 10%), and aortic dissection (n = 58, 5.5%). The frequency of myocardial interstitial fibrosis was significantly higher in deaths due to left ventricular hypertrophy than in deaths due to ischemic heart disease and other causes (χ²(2) = 33.365, p < 0.001). Despite detailed autopsy and histopathological examinations, some heart diseases that cause sudden death may still not be detected.     

Retrospective analysis of factors affecting rate of skeletonization within a tropical climate

Estimating the post mortem interval (PMI) in skeletonized cases is an extremely challenging exercise. Sri Lanka lacks adequate taphonomic research which is a serious limitation when assessing PMI in forensic death investigations. Methods that have been proposed to estimate PMI using the total body score (TBS) and accumulated degree days (ADD) are mainly based on data from continental and temperate climates and have shown less reliability in tropical climates. With the intention of developing a region-specific, evidence-based guide which would be applicable to tropical climates like Sri Lanka, we selected thirteen skeletonized remains with known PMIs from forensic case records and analysed their taphonomy in relation to selected weather data. We also compared the ADD values within our dataset with reference ranges calculated using published formula.All except one were found from outdoor locations. The TBS ranged from 24 to 32 and had a weak positive correlation with the PMI. The earliest appearance of skeletonization was 15 days in a body found indoors. The highest rate of skeletonization was seen in a body with a TBS of 32 and a PMI of 23 days. The average daily temperature and relative humidity were similar across all the cases however, the amount of rainfall varied. Bodies exposed to monsoon rains (n = 6) had a lower mean rate of skeletonization compared to those that were not exposed (n = 4) suggesting lower rates of decomposition during periods of heavy rainfall.No correlation was found between ADD and TBS. In 9 (69.2%) cases, the actual ADD was much lower than reference ADD ranges for TBS values, indicating poor applicability of TBS and ADD based formulae in estimating PMI within the Sri Lankan climate. Our study shows a strong need for taphonomic and entomological research in tropical climates to further explore the impact of monsoons on biotic and abiotic factors affecting skeletonization.     

甲基苯丙胺滥用相关死亡分析

近年来,随着甲基苯丙胺在青中年中滥用呈上升趋势,相关的死亡案件亦增多。本文从现场情况、临床过程、解剖检验、实验室检验以及研究现状等方面,对滥用甲基苯丙胺死亡加以综述,为法医工作者鉴别此类案件提供参考。