六味补气胶囊对肺气虚型慢性阻塞性肺疾病稳定期患者生活质量和肺功能的影响

［摘要］目的 探讨六味补气胶囊对肺气虚型慢性阻塞性肺疾病(chronic obstructive pulmonary disease，COPD)稳定期患者生活质量和肺功能的影响。方法 选择80例COPD稳定期肺气虚证患者，随机分为治疗组和对照组，每组40例。对照组和治疗组均给予常规治疗，治疗组在常规治疗的基础上给予六味补气胶囊口服。在治疗前后采用圣乔治呼吸问卷分别对两组患者的生活质量进行测评，并检测肺功能。结果 治疗后对照组和治疗组分别脱落2、3例。治疗前后两组肺活量和第一秒用力肺活量（forced expiratory volume in one second, FEV1）比较，以及两组治疗后肺活量和FEV1比较，差异均无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。治疗后两组圣乔治呼吸问卷3个维度（呼吸症状、活动受限和疾病影响）评分显著低于治疗前（P<0.01），治疗组圣乔治呼吸问卷4个维度（呼吸症状、活动受限、疾病影响和生活质量）的改善明显优于对照组(P＜0.01)。结论 六味补气胶囊干预肺气虚型COPD稳定期患者，能够减缓患者肺功能下降，提高生活质量。     

Background levels of body fluids and DNA on the shaft of the penis and associated underpants in the absence of sexual activity

This study examines the background of blood, saliva, semen and autosomal DNA on penile swabs and underpants from males in the absence of recent sexual activity. Based on the data collected by the AFSP Body Fluid Forum, the results of this study show that; there is a very low expectation of detecting blood on penile swabs and male underpants; a low expectation of detecting saliva on penile swabs and male underpants; and spermatozoa would be expected in less than a quarter of penile swabs and three quarters of male underpants. As none of the samples had detectable levels of DNA which were suitable for meaningful comparison that did not match the donor or their partner, the expectation of detecting a DNA profile from the cellular background on penile swabs or underpants from a male who has not been involved in recent sexual intercourse is very low. The results of this study are extremely informative when evaluating the significance of blood, saliva, semen and DNA detected on the penile swabs and underpants of males in cases of alleged sexual assault.     

Citizen's adoption intention toward contact tracing apps: An analysis using innovation resistance theory

This study explores the factors that prevent citizens from using contact tracing apps (CTA). It uses the innovation resistance theory to construct a parsimonious data analysis model. Data are collected from 440 users of CTA, and an analysis using structural equation modeling is done. Moderation analysis is performed to measure the influence of trust on the relationship between independent and dependent variables. The results reveal that privacy concerns, functional complexity, and benefit ambiguity are the main factors causing hindrance in the adoption of CTAs. The study carries implications for public authorities and technology professionals for promoting and increasing the uptake of public-oriented mass-consumption technology.     

Sentencing data-driven cybercrime. How data crime with cascading effects is tackled by UK courts

This paper contributes to research seeking to understand if and how legislation can effectively counter cybercrimes that compromise personal data. These ‘data crimes’, which are the ‘dark side’ of big data and the data economy enabled by cloud computing, display cascading effects, in that they empower disparate criminals to commit further crimes and victimise a broad range of individuals or data subjects. The paper addresses the under-researched area of sentencing, which, as the last step of the judicial process, plays a crucial role in how the law is interpreted and implemented.This paper investigates courts’ approach to the evolving technological environment of cybercrime captured by data crime and the cascade effect and whether the cascade effect can assist courts in dealing with data-driven cybercrime. The paper examines original data collected from UK courts, namely 17 sentencing remarks relating to cybercrime court cases decided in England & Wales between 2012 and 2019. The analysis shows that courts appreciate the impact of data crime and their cascading effects, but that the complexity of the offences is lost at sentencing, arguably due to the negative impact of systemic factors, such as technology neutral law and the lack of legal authorities.After examining such systemic factors, the paper suggests how the cascade effect could aid sentencing by adding specificity and context to data crime. The paper ends with avenues for further research relating to debates on fair cybercrime sentencing and open justice.     

痰热清佐治慢性阻塞性肺疾病并发呼吸衰竭42例

目的 观察痰热清注射液辅助治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病（chronic obstructive pulmonary disease，COPD）并发呼吸衰竭的疗效。方法 将82例COPD患者随机分为两组，治疗组42例，对照组40例，对照组仅予呼吸机及常规方案治疗，治疗组加用痰热清注射液静脉滴注，治疗后比较两组临床疗效、症状体征评分、血气分析指标及机械通气时间。结果 治疗组总有效率显著高于对照组（90.47% vs 70.00%，P<0.01）；治疗组在降低症状体征评分、使用呼吸机时间及改善血气分析指标方面优于对照组（P<0.01）。结论 痰热清联合西医常规治疗在改善COPD患者咳嗽、咳痰、喘息症状，提高动脉氧分压，提高氧合指数，缩短上机时间方面具有较好疗效。     

化瘀温经利湿法治疗慢性盆腔炎20例临床观察

目的观察化瘀温经利湿中药对慢性盆腔炎患者的疗效及对外周血CD4^＋CD25^＋CD127^lo调节性T细胞（regulative Tcells，Treg）的影响。方法将40例慢性盆腔炎患者按随机数字表法分为化瘀温经利湿中药治疗组20例和西药对照组20例，两组均以1个月为1个疗程，均治疗1个疗程，观察临床疗效及对症状出现率的影响；采用流式细胞术检测患者治疗前后外周血CD4^＋CD25^＋CD127^loTreg的数量及其在CD4^＋T淋巴细胞中所占的比例；并检测治疗前后血沉（erythrocyte sedimentation rate，ESR）和C反应蛋白（C—reactive peptide，CRP）水平。结果与对照组比较，治疗组总有效率和CD4^＋CD25^＋CD127^loTreg表达水平显著升高，ESR、CRP及症状出现率显著降低（P〈0．05）。结论化瘀温经利湿中药治疗慢性盆腔炎的作用机制，可能与其上调CD4^＋CD25^＋CD127^loTreg表达水平，促进免疫调节，降低炎症反应有关。     

病证结合诊治原发性痛风36例

目的：对３６例原发性痛风的诊治思路、方法和经验作回顾性总结。方法：以病证并辨为前提，紧扣基本病机组拟基本方，并随证及突出表现灵活加味。结果：３６例经治疗１～５个疗程，治愈２２例（占６１．１１％），好转１２例（占３３．３３％），无效２例（占５．５６％），总有效率为９４．４４％。结论：早期诊断和鉴别诊断，查明有无肾功能不全及其合并疾病，抓住湿、热、痰、瘀、虚五端组方并坚持治疗，避免各种诱发和加重因素，为提高本病诊治水平的关键。     

Assessing the background levels of body fluids on hands

Forensic scientists are often asked to assist the court by evaluating the significance of finding body fluids on the hands of an individual; however, there is an absence of published data regarding the background levels of body fluids on hands. Whilst the scientist can use casework experience to inform the courts on the significance of the results, it would be advantageous to have data which could assist with this interpretation. This study was designed to ascertain the background levels of blood, semen, saliva, hairs/fibres and staining/debris on hands in the general population by sampling from delegates attending a scientific conference.The findings suggest that approximately one third of the population would be expected to have hairs or fibres on their hands and that females are more likely to have visible staining on their hands than males. Presumptive tests for blood and semen yielded negative results in all samples; however, almost 2 % of the samples were found to contain a very low number of sperm heads. In contrast, the majority of samples tested positive for the presence of saliva using the presumptive Phadebas® amylase test. The data supports the caution applied by forensic practitioners when evaluating the presence of saliva detected using the presumptive Phadebas® amylase test based on the lack of specificity and indicates that the RSID™-Saliva test would be more suitable to use.     

Lipidic compounds found in soils surrounding human decomposing bodies and its use in forensic investigations – A narrative review

Following decomposition of a human body, a variety of decomposition products, such as lipids, are released into the surrounding environment, e.g. soils. The long-lasting preservation in soils and their high diagnostic potential have been neglected in forensic research. Furthermore, little is known about the preservation, chemical transformation, or degradation of those human derived lipids in soils. To date, several studies identified various lipids such as long-chain free fatty acids and steroids in soils that contained decomposition fluids. Those lipids are preserved in soils over time and could serve as markers of human decomposition in forensic investigations, e.g. for estimating the post-mortem interval or identifying the burial location of a human body. Therefore, this review focuses on the current literature regarding fatty acid and steroid that have been detected in soils and associated with human body decomposition. After a short introduction about human decomposition processes, this review summarises fatty acid and steroid analysis applied in current case studies and studies related to taphonomic research. This review provides an overview of the available studies that have used fatty acids and steroids as identifiers of human decomposition fluid in soils in a forensic context and discusses the potential for developing this innovative field of research with direct application in a forensic context.     

The effects of four different solvent vapours on the restoration of obliterated stamp markings from five different wooden surfaces

The stamp markings on wooden surfaces, which are placed on trees and products including antiques, indicate the status of trees and involve identifying data regarding the products. Such markings are obliterated either to facilitate illegal logging or to conceal product information. Despite the wide literature on the restoration of obliterated characters on metal and polymer surfaces, the recovery of defaced characters on wooden surfaces appears to be understudied. Several reference texts in the forensic marks’ examination literature suggest that water, water vapor, and alkaline solutions are useful in restoring the abraded markings on the wood. Since there does not seem to be any experimental study proving such success, this study aimed to fill this gap. This study conducted experimental research by using water, ethanol, ammonia, and chloroform to recover the scraped characters on samples obtained from walnut, beech, spruce, oak, and cedar trees. The cold-stamped characters, which were defaced at varying depths, were restored using vapor and liquid phases of four solvents. While the vapor phases of water, ethanol, and ammonia yielded good outcomes on all types of wooden surfaces, the liquid phases did not seem to be useful in the revisualization process. The response of the vapors, which varied between 62 and 220 s, depended on the type of wood. The restoration technique developed in this research offers the possibility of on-site usage, easy application, utilization of low-cost solvents, rapid recovery, and effectiveness on various wooden surfaces. Overall, the restoration methodology used in this research appears to be fruitful in retrieving identifying information on wooden samples.