Experimentalist governance: An introduction

This symposium critically engages with the volume Experimentalist Governance in the European Union: Towards a New Architecture (2010), edited by Charles F. Sabel and Jonathan Zeitlin. “Experimentalist Governance” (EG) opens up an original theoretical perspective on the emergent governance architecture of the EU and sheds new light on developments in key policy sectors. This symposium brings together a transatlantic group of distinguished political scientists and legal scholars to discuss the added value of EG as a concept for analysis, its theoretical underpinnings, empirical relevance, and normative implications, in terms of legitimacy. Contributors discuss EG from different disciplinary and theoretical perspectives, referring to a variety of empirical examples in the EU context and beyond. The symposium closes with a response from the authors to their critics. This collection of essays sheds new light on debates around the nature of the EU and democratic governance beyond the nation state.     

宪法第五十三条中守法义务的证成

与宪法规定的其他义务相比,第五十三条中的守法义务是更为基本的义务,但是宪法学界鲜有对守法义务的论证。从法理学进路则可证成此守法义务:首先,任一正常的社会都有正当的社会目标,这确保了社会对法律的要求是正当的;其次,法律与社会之间有基于相互性的责任,当法律回应了既定社会的正当要求时,此社会的任一成员都有回应法律的义务;最后,社会成员不证自明的理性确保了回应的必然性。所以,正常社会中的任一理性公民都有宪法上的守法义务。     

Reimagining civil society in conflict: Findings from post-2001 Afghanistan

What is the meaning and role of civil society in Afghanistan? And what contribution could civil society actors make to promoting peace and political reform? Drawing on a research and dialogue project conducted in 2009–2012, this article explores local understandings and practices of civil society in Afghanistan, and examines their relationship to security and social change. It argues that studying civil society can help shed light on the changing dynamics of political authority and security in the country, as well as offer new avenues for promoting progressive change. The article addresses some of the conceptual and analytical limitations of dominant narratives about civil society in conflict-affected environments, demonstrating how they tend to neglect certain forms of agency that have the potential to be transformative.     

程序价值论

程序的价值由其自身的性质决定。程序的派生性决定了程序的目的价值,即保障结果正确。程序的相对独立性决定了程序的手段价值,即过程正当。保障结果正确有两项内容:一要保障正确反映实体,包括正确反映实体事实、正确反映实体法律关系、正确划定案件范围;二要保障正确适用法律。过程正当有三个标志:一是程序行为要合法;二是程序行为要公正;三是程序行为要及时。保障结果正确是程序的根本价值,过程正当是程序的一般价值。这两项价值的关系就是根本价值和一般价值的关系。在不发生冲突时,两项价值各自独立。一旦发生冲突,过程正当要服从结果正确。这种关系通常不变,但在特殊情况下也会起变化。     

我国城市公交服务治理模式与运营效率研究——以长三角城市群公交服务为例

城市公交服务运营效率评价是政府选择治理模式的前提与依据,而明晰运营效率与其影响因素间的关系则是政府深化公交治理模式的理论依据。在比较政府经营模式和市场主导模式差异及探讨效率影响因素的基础上,以长三角城市群公交服务为研究样本,应用DEA方法测算城市间服务效率的差异,发现市场主导模式效率要优于政府经营模式,但各自的综合效率、技术效率和规模效率均值都不高。为剖析造成这种现象的原因,对公交服务效率的影响因素进行Tobit回归,结果表明市场竞争、企业规模与运营效率显著正相关,且市场竞争与运营效率间存在"倒U型"关系。因此,我国城市公交服务的改革应坚持市场化为导向,引入民营资本构建公有有限公司形式的国有民营模式,扩大企业规模和充分利用竞争手段,以提高企业运营效率。     

Partisan legitimacy across generations

In this paper we argue that parties shape their supporters’ views about the political system via the messages they communicate about the desirability of the political system. Moreover, we contend that the effectiveness of such communication varies considerably across generations. Combining data from election surveys collected in 15 democracies as part of the Comparative Study of Electoral Systems (CSES) project with data on the policy positions of 116 political parties collected by the Comparative Manifestos Project, we find that supporters of parties that express positive positions toward the political system report systematically higher levels of political legitimacy than supporters of parties that communicate negative views. Moreover, this communication is particularly effective among older party identifiers whose partisan identification tends to be more pronounced. Taken together, these findings suggest that political parties play an active role in shaping citizens’ views of the political system but their success in mobilizing consent among citizens in contemporary democracies may weaken with partisan de-alignment and generational change.     

范畴框架的改变:柯亨对历史唯物主义的重建

为了解决历史唯物主义的"合法性问题",柯亨开始着手对历史唯物主义进行重建。他的重建任务之所以能够实现,凭借的是功能解释的方法,而柯亨的功能解释方法能够奏效的原因在于他对生产力、生产关系(经济基础)等基本概念的重新界定。经过柯亨"重建"的历史唯物主义实质上意味着范畴框架的改变,以满足马克思理论体系的逻辑前提,从而使历史唯物主义理论看起来更加明确。     

在法治方略下寻求社会管理创新

社会管理创新是我国社会建设事业推进过程中回应现阶段经济政治社会发展的必然要求.在法治方面成为国家根本治国方略的当代,在法治方略下寻求社会管理创新具有现实正当性和优越性;依法适度培植社会组织和规范引导社会组织发展、在立法模式上改过去的行政主导立法为博弈立法、完善税收法制、立法中更多地吸收社会生活中形成的习惯和惯例、构建政府与社会分工合作各司其职的适法格局等是法治方略下寻求社会管理创新的根本性举措.社会管理法治化是人类社会发展和法治发展之逻辑必然.     

基于法学视角的环境标准问题研究

环境标准属于技术性法律规范,其技术性决定了必须由专家参与,但其作为制度规范价值意义上的考量,在制定主体、制定程序以及颁布生效方面,都离不开法学视角的审视。     

T. S. Eliot's The Waste Land in Lithuanian translation

Small states, argued Peter Katzenstein a quarter of a century ago, were different. Faced with the fluctuations of world markets, they adopt democratic corporatism and domestic compensation, thus ensuring political legitimacy and successful economic adjustment. The Baltic countries are an interesting case study for this framework, because in many ways they are “smaller” than the seven countries analyzed by Katzenstein. This article finds that, on a broader level, Katzenstein’s framework is very helpful in highlighting the key developments in the Baltic countries. On the other hand, the specific causal mechanism that can be drawn from this framework running from smallness, to democratic corporatism, to political legitimacy, as well as domestic compensation, has not developed in the Baltics.