美国、德国隐私权宪法保护比较研究

美国和德国是世界上隐私权宪法保护比较成熟的国家,但是由于历史文化和法律传统的不同,两国隐私权的宪法保护在基本理念、具体含义、宪法保护方式和保护效力方面存在着很大的不同,比较研究两国隐私权的宪法保护对于我国隐私权的宪法保护的完善有借鉴意义。     

论隐私权制度的本土化建构

随着依法治国的深入开展和人权保护观念的深入人心,我国法律制度中的一些弊端日益明显化,革新法制的愿望也日趋强烈,而隐私权就是其中的一个法律问题。本文从法理学的视角就隐私权的法律属性进行阐述并对其在目前条件下如何实现隐私权制度本土化进行探析。     

公务员隐私权与公众知情权的冲突及本质

本文由隐私权这一基本概念入手,详细地阐述了这两种权利之间的冲突,进而对其冲突的本质进行分析,指出这种冲突表面上是权利与权利之间的冲突,实质上是权力与权利之间的冲突,从而为正确处理公务员隐私权与公众知情权的冲突提供了法理上的依据。     

泛传播与泛责任:新媒体环境下的人格权保护

web2.0时代的到来使新媒体"泛传播"的特征愈发明显,新的媒介技术使大众深度参与网络并成为互动主体。无边界的公共空间和自媒体的出现为网民提供了更广阔的言论空间,与此同时大量侵权现象的产生也对新媒体空间的有效规制提出了挑战,"泛传播"更应意味着"泛责任"。在新环境下,对于名誉权和隐私权的法律保护亦应适应这种变化,有效维护新媒介技术的充分利用和人格权保护的平衡。     

It depends whose data are being shared: considerations for genomic data sharing policies

There is an urgent need for consistent data sharing policies that promote the advancement of science while respecting the values and interests of those providing their genetic data for research. Responding to the article of Jalayne J. Arias, Genevieve Pham-Kanter, and Eric G. Campbell, ‘The Growth and Gaps of Genetic Data Sharing Policies in the United States’, this commentary further explores the challenges of human subjects’ protection in existing data sharing policies. We will elaborate on the need for data sharing policies to accommodate variation in individual and group preferences around data sharing and privacy concerns by comparing our previously published data on patients’ and parents’ consent to data sharing and attitudes about privacy to data from focus groups with HIV-positive, underserved individuals who were asked about their willingness to participate in genetic research and share their data broadly. These studies support the observation of Arias, Pham-Kanter, and Campbell that researchers, and funding agencies will need to balance the privacy interests of groups as well as individuals in future genomic data sharing policies.     

电子商务中的消费者权益保护问题研究

电子商务以因特网为交易平台,而网络空间开放性、无国界的特点突破了传统商务在时间和空间上的限制,使电子商务获得了空前发展。但是电子商务发展过程中出现的种种损害消费者权益的情形给现行消费者权益保护法律带来了严峻挑战,也阻碍了电子商务的发展。在对电子商务背景下消费者权益保护中出现的问题进行深入分析的基础上,试图构建电子商务中的消费者权益保护体系,以期对相关立法有所裨益。     

警察权的行使及其规制

警察权是国家执法权的重要组成部分,其作用在于维护社会秩序和安全。警察权是把双刃剑,具有利害双重性。既要充分发挥警察权的预期效果,又要抑制警察权的负效应。对警察权的规制要遵行法律规制原则、私权保障原则和程序正义原则。     

论私录视听资料的证据能力

未经当事人同意而录制的视听材料有可能涉及被录制者的隐私.之所以规定不得采用法律所禁止的方法收集视听资料,是为了保护当事人的隐私权.传统理论认为侵犯被录制者隐私权的私录资料不具有合法性.但隐私与隐私权并不相同,对私录资料证据能力的认识须从解释论与立法论的角度分别考虑.从解释论角度,如果私录资料侵犯了他人的隐私权,那么该证据资料便会因不具备合法性而被排除在诉讼之外;如果只涉及隐私而未侵犯隐私权,便可具有证据能力.而在立法论,那些即使侵犯了隐私权的私录资料也同样具有证据能力,可以作为认定案件事实的根据,但这并不妨碍隐私权人在本案诉讼结束之后对侵权人另行提起诉讼保护自己的隐私权.     

Polygraphs: Erosion of the privacy right

The polygraph is a machine which invades previously private regions in the human being. Its operation is often viewed simplistically and lacking in danger. Such naivete is the subject of this comment. The paper considers the mechanics of polygraph operation, and its theoretical basis; the legal admissibility of the polygraph in a variety of settings, and lastly the impact the polygraph has upon our private lives.Clearly, the polygraph intrudes on the private regions of each individual, and this frightening fact is cause enough to consider the human, social and constitutional implications of its use. The project considers the reliability factor of the polygraph and its questionable use in personnel and business settings; its use in disciplinary procedures and labor arbitration, as well as reviews its place in judicial process and criminal review.Most critically the paper attempts to arrive at a constitutional basis for restrictions on its use in the private sector. Ingenious arguments have been made by opponents of the polygraph, and this paper reviews the substance and content of these constitutional arguments.