血细胞X染色体失活偏移与女性体质关联性研究

目的:探索血细胞X染色体失活偏移(skewed X-chromosomal inactivation, SXCI)与女性体质的关联性.方法:对15岁以上、获知情同意的1 103例健康女性,采用标准化中医体质量表计算各亚量表分数,判定个体为平和质或偏颇体质.对上述个体的外周血标本,提取基因组DNA,经Hpa Ⅱ消化后,PCR扩增雄激素受体(androgen receptor, AR)基因,产物经变性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳,银染显示结果,比较Hpa Ⅱ消化前后AR基因扩增产物的强度差异,计算其校正比值(CR).结果:以CR≥3为判断SXCI标准时,平和质、气虚质、阳虚质、阴虚质、痰湿质、湿热质、瘀血质、气郁质、特禀质组间SXCI的发生率分别为8.9%(33/370)、32.0%(48/150)、8.1%(5/62)、11.3%(6/53)、18.4%(16/87)、22.9%(19/83)、10.9%(5/46)、29.0%(29/100)和8.0%(4/50),发生率间有显著性差异(χ2=61.071,P<0.05).气虚质、痰湿质、湿热质与气郁质SXCI发生率较高,分别为32.0%(48/150)、18.4%(16/87)、22.9%(19/83)和29.0%(29/100).分型与SXCI关联系数为0.244(P<0.05),差异有统计学意义.结论:血细胞SXCI与女性体质关联.     

Measuring the Difference Between Parental Alienation and Parental Estrangement: The PARQ-Gap

Parental alienation (rejection of a parent without legitimate justification) and realistic estrangement (rejection of a parent for a good reason) are generally accepted concepts among mental health and legal professionals. Alienated children, who were not abused, tend to engage in splitting and lack ambivalence with respect to their parents; estranged children, who were maltreated, usually perceive their parents in an ambivalent manner. The hypothesis of this study was that a psychological test—the Parental Acceptance–Rejection Questionnaire (PARQ)—will help to distinguish severely alienated from nonalienated children. The PARQ, which was used to identify and quantify the degree of splitting for each participant, was administered to 45 severely alienated children and 71 nonalienated children. The PARQ-Gap score—the difference between each child's PARQ: Father score and PARQ: Mother score—was introduced and defined in this research. Using a PARQ-Gap score of 90 as a cut point, this test was 99% accurate in distinguishing severely alienated from nonalienated children. This research presents a way to distinguish parental alienation from other reasons for contact refusal. The PARQ-Gap may be useful for both clinicians and forensic practitioners in evaluating children of separating and divorced parents when there is a concern about the possible diagnosis of parental alienation.     

An experimental comparison of question forms used to reduce vote overreporting

Via telephone, a national probability sample of 1464 respondents randomly received one of three question versions of a voter turnout question in the months of December, January, and February, following the November 1998 Congressional elections in the United States. The long version form contained memory cueing techniques and face-saving response options, the short form, modeled after the 2000 American National Election Studies (ANES) question, included only the face-saving response options, and the standard form, modeled after ANES questions used before 2000, included neither. The long form led to significantly lower reported turnout in comparison to both the short and standard forms, indicating that the long form successfully reduced vote overreporting in comparison to the other question versions.     

Alexithymia in Dutch violent forensic psychiatric outpatients

Abstract

Until now alexithymia has not been investigated in Dutch low-educated offenders who are known for their violent behaviour. We therefore investigated a sample of aggressive forensic psychiatric outpatients, who are characterized by emotional dysregulation in conflict situations. For that purpose we used a Dutch questionnaire, the Bermond-Vorst Alexithymia Questionnaire (BVAQ; Vorst & Bermond, 2001), which we also administered in a sample of secondary vocational students for a comparison. Unfortunately, the five-factor structure of the BVAQ could not be confirmed in both samples, but in the patient sample the test-retest reliability of the total score turned out to be moderate, and meaningful correlations were found with measures of relevant personality domains and problem behaviours. When both samples were compared, patients were found to display significantly higher total scores on the BVAQ than the secondary vocational students, when controlled for age. Therefore, we concluded that alexithymia may contribute to the aggressive behaviour of violent forensic psychiatric outpatients. However, patients as well as students had much higher total scores on the BVAQ than found by Vorst and Bermond (2001) in a sample of Dutch psychology students. This indicates that alexithymia as measured by the BVAQ is also inversely related to educational level and perhaps to intelligence.     

四川藏区警察执行力论析

警察执行力是警察实现既定目标的能力和效力。通过问卷调查发现：四川藏区警察执行力总体状况较好;个体差异明显,警察执行力优秀人数较少而警察执行力偏低人数较多;从警年限短的警察执行力较强,从警年限较长的警察执行力较低;党员警察执行力高于非党员;藏族警察执行力略强于汉族警察;领导干部警察与普通警察在警察执行力上无明显差异。提升四川藏区警察执行力的主要措施,一要增强职业认同,提高警察执行意愿;二要提高警察的执行能力;三要充分发挥领导干部的模范带头作用;四要增强警察职业发展动力,减少警察职业倦怠的发生。     

《中医体质量表（韩文版）》在韩国人群中应用的横断面研究

目的 通过横断面调查,了解韩国人群中医体质类型分布规律,探索性分析影响韩国人群中医体质的影响因素。方法 2014年5—11月,选取居住于首尔地区的300例韩国人,运用《中医体质量表（韩文版）》调查其中医体质类型,比较不同性别、不同职业、不同体质量指数者的中医体质类型,并与中国常模的中医体质类型进行比较。结果 300例被调查人群中,平和质69例,其余8种偏颇体质225例,兼夹体质6例,居于前3位的偏颇体质类型为阳虚质（占14.3%）、湿热质（占13.3%）和阴虚质（占12.7%）。不同性别者的体质类型比较,差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）;不同职业者的体质类型比较,以及不同体质类型者的体质量指数比较,差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）;与中国常模的体质类型分布比较,差异具有统计学意义（P<0.01）,其中韩国人群阳虚质构成比高于中国常模,气虚质构成比低于中国常模。结论 韩国人群的中医体质类型存在性别差异,其分布情况可能与中国人群不同,但尚需要大样本数据的验证。