中国个人金融服务消费者权益保护

个人金融服务中消费者与经营者在交易中不平等法则的存在,权利与义务呈现出明显不对等,个人消费者难以以自身的力量与经营者抗衡,使消费者在消费纠纷中处于劣势。为了保护消费者的权益,除了建立消费者协会组织外,更要建立健全消费者权益保护法及金融服务机构的社会信用及其行业评判标准制度。     

担保物权体系中的建设工程优先受偿权——比较法的视角

国外各主要国家关于担保物权制度的设计不尽相同 ,这与其各自的担保物权体系相关。我国合同法第 2 8条涉及担保物权 ,必须对其进行妥适解释 ,使之不违反现行担保物权体系 ;或者对现行担保物权体系进行重构 ,如何定夺 ,这是需要重视研究的课题。     

贯彻全国工会十四大精神突出工会维护职能

学习贯彻工会十四大精神,树立新理念,突出维护职能。     

中欧标准必要专利比较研究与借鉴

标准必要专利建立的目的是为了推广技术,使得技术产品具有兼容性和统一性,避免资源浪费,提高生产效率。标准必要专利具有社会公共属性,其本身具有标准的公益性与专利权的私有性相统合的特性。对中国和欧洲地区标准必要专利的立法、司法实践进行系统梳理和比较,可以为我国标准必要专利的立法和实践提供借鉴建议。对于标准必要专利的认定,应当充分考虑技术的不可替代性,同时考量法律保护的地域性和国际规则;标准必要专利许可费率的确定要对不同收费标准予以具体分析,尽量对许可费进行事前市场考量,减少主观认知偏差和事后判断产生的问题;另外可以借鉴欧洲国家司法经验,详细规定专利权人如何遵守FRAND原则的规范指南;市场地位的判定不仅需要考虑市场占有率,还应当结合时间要素判断;对于滥用市场地位的认定应当考察是否“具有滥用之恶意”。     

Influence of storage on larval length and age determination of the forensically important blow fly Lucilia sericata (Diptera: Calliphoridae)

One of the main tasks in forensic entomology is the determination of the minimum post-mortem interval (PMI_min) based on the age of the juvenile insects feeding and developing on the dead body. An important task is to store the evidence appropriately so that the evaluation and expert report can be used in court. However, existing recommendations can be contradictory or lacking scientific validation, e.g. by proposing various preservation liquids without knowing whether and to what extent the period of storage in such a liquid has an effect on the length of the preserved larvae. Storage time can be an issue since, due to technical and procedural circumstances, killed larvae may be stored for hours, days, weeks or even longer prior length measurement. A changed body length would have consequences for the entomological report, as the age of the larvae is usually derived from their length.This study investigates the effect of four differently concentrated ethanol solutions (70%, 80%, 90% and 96%) during a storage period of up to 196 days on the body length of stored larvae of the forensically important blow fly species L. sericata (Diptera: Calliphoridae). Larvae of different ages (24 h, 48 h and 72 h after hatching) were killed by immersion in hot, non-boiling water (≥80 °C) for at least 30 s. Their lengths were measured immediately. Subsequently samples were stored in ethanol of appropriate concentration at room temperature (approx. 22 °C). Further length measurements were made at 16 different storage intervals between 1 and 196 days.Many specimens showed a length decrease for most storage conditions and all larval ages. However, there was a tendency for 48 h- and 72 h-old larvae to increase in length after the first days of storage of up to 1.1 mm which may lead to an erroneous overestimation of the PMI_min using this kind of specimens. All changes in length within each cohort over total time were in the range of +7% to −9.1%. Significant differences in length changes within the first days of storage were found mainly in larvae stored in 70%- and 80%-ethanol, but larvae stored in 90%- and 96%-ethanol showed first significant differences on day 56 at the earliest.Our results lead to the recommendation that the measurements of fly larvae samples should be taken immediately after killing and before storage to avoid any effects. Ethanol ≥90% should be used for storage.     

Presumptions,Burdens, and Best Interests in Relocation Law

The pure “best interests” approach to relocation law is a failure. It is unpredictable and expensive, increasing conflict and discouraging settlement. The “fundamental questions” proposed by Parkinson and Cashmore in their article will not reform the law. Real reform will require the use of presumptions or burdens to guide best interests. “Presumptions” are not “rules,” but only starting points. No simple presumption “for” or “against” all relocations can be justified, but there are large categories of cases that do warrant presumptions: interim moves, unilateral relocations, shared care, and predominant primary caregivers. The first three involve presumptions against relocation, while the last—the largest category—warrants a presumption that relocation is in the best interests of the child, unless the contrary is proved. There will remain a small minority of in‐between cases where none of these presumptions will operate, recognizing the limits of our general knowledge. It is time to move the relocation reform debate beyond pure “best interests,” to the next stage, to a serious discussion of which cases warrant presumptions, and of what strength.

Key Points for the Family Court Community
• Pure best interests approach to relocation law is a failure
• Presumptions or burdens needed to reform the law, but not just “for” or “against”
• Presumptions are identified for four categories of relocation cases: interim moves, unilateral relocations, shared care, and predominant primary caregivers

     

论政府执法方式及其变革

政府执法方式是政府执法权力的表现形态 ,体现了参与执法过程的各类主体的相互关系。政府执法方式变革就是修正政府执法过程中参与者的相互关系 ,涉及执法观念、执法体制、执法制度以及与司法的关系等诸多问题。政府执法方式变革应当坚持行政民主化、加强公开性和参与性、法制统一和人权保障的基本方向 ,特别强调行政程序和公民权利的重要性、行政相关人概念的重要意义、行政与司法的关系 ,以及政府执法的人性化。     

解读科学维权

科学维权是科学发展观在工会工作中的具体体现,在“三维权”中具有更为重要的意义。科学维权要坚持以职工为本,以科学的理论指导,用科学的理念、体制、方式、手段等推进,大力推动以人为本的企业文化建设和企业管理,使工会维权工作符合客观规律的要求和更有实效性。     

利益表达：社会团体对公共政策的影响力

中国社会团体在公共政策的制定过程中扮演着非常重要的角色,发挥着特殊的作用。全国妇联作为维护妇女权益的组织,根据不同时期面临的公共政策制定环境,在博弈过程中,采取了非程序化策略、社会动员、资源集聚和舆论宣传等手段,使妇女阶段性就业这一政策倡议无法从制度上得以产生,确保了妇女解放运动以来所获得的劳动权利,使全国妇联施展的政治影响力最大化。     

工会报道要唱响维护职工合法利益的主旋律

随着社会经济结构、职工队伍和劳动关系都变得越来越多样化和复杂化,工会的作用愈加凸显。作为工会组织的机关报——工人报必须跟上形势,唱响工会报道的主旋律,维护职工的合法利益。