The Target-to-Foils Shift in Simultaneous and Sequential Lineups

A theoretical cornerstone in eyewitness identification research is the proposition that witnesses, in making decisions from standard simultaneous lineups, make relative judgments. The present research considers two sources of support for this proposal. An experiment by G. L. Wells (1993) showed that if the target is removed from a lineup, witnesses shift their responses to pick foils, rather than rejecting the lineups, a result we will term a target-to-foils shift. Additional empirical support is provided by results from sequential lineups which typically show higher accuracy than simultaneous lineups, presumably because of a decrease in the use of relative judgments in making identification decisions. The combination of these two lines of research suggests that the target-to-foils shift should be reduced in sequential lineups relative to simultaneous lineups. Results of two experiments showed an overall advantage for sequential lineups, but also showed a target-to-foils shift equal in size for simultaneous and sequential lineups. Additional analyses indicated that the target-to-foils shift in sequential lineups was moderated in part by an order effect and was produced with (Experiment 2) or without (Experiment 1) a shift in decision criterion. This complex pattern of results suggests that more work is needed to understand the processes which underlie decisions in simultaneous and sequential lineups.     

单个细胞DNA样本的制备及其在灵敏度分析中的应用研究

目的建立一种用于高精确灵敏度分析的微量DNA样本制备方法。方法用显微捕获技术制备以细胞为单位的DNA样本,并用于ProfilerPlus试剂盒及ABI310遗传分析仪的灵敏度测试。结果建立了单细胞捕获操作方案,成功制备了依次含1～11个细胞的一组DNA分析样本,并可准确用于ProfilerPlus誖试剂盒及ABI310遗传分析仪的灵敏度研究。结论基于显微操作技术的高精确微量DNA分析样本制备方法可准确用于分析技术方法的灵敏度研究     

Financial Liberalization and Stock Price Behaviour in Asian Emerging Markets

This paper exhibits tests of the random walk hypothesis and market efficiency for seven Asian emerging markets as a result of the influence of financial market integration. Random walk properties of equity prices influence the return dynamic and determine the trade strategies of investors. To examine the stochastic properties of local index returns and to test the hypothesis that stock market prices follow a random walk, the single variance ratio tests of Lo and MacKinlay, as well as the multiple variance ratio test of Chow and Denning are employed. The multiple statistical comparison of variance ratios is based on the Studentized Maximum Modulus distribution with control of the joint-test’s size. The weak-form market efficiency is also tested directly, using a nonparametric runs test. These tests are particularly useful for investigating stock prices the returns of which are frequently not distributed normally. Documented evidence shows that, from the perspective of local investors, weekly stock prices in major Asian emerging markets do not follow a random walk in the pre-liberalization period. However, in the post-liberalization period the weak-form efficiency hypothesis is generally adopted at the 5% level except for the smaller stock markets of Indonesia and Thailand. These empirical findings suggest that financial integration affects the return predictability in such a way that domestic investors might not be able to develop trading strategies allowing them to earn abnormal returns.     

A Meta-Analytic Review of the Effects of High Stress on Eyewitness Memory

In the past 30 years researchers have examined the impact of heightened stress on the fidelity of eyewitness memory. Meta-analyses were conducted on 27 independent tests of the effects of heightened stress on eyewitness identification of the perpetrator or target person and separately on 36 tests of eyewitness recall of details associated with the crime. There was considerable support for the hypothesis that high levels of stress negatively impact both types of eyewitness memory. Meta-analytic Z-scores, whether unweighted or weighted by sample size, ranged from –5.40 to –6.44 (high stress condition–low stress condition). The overall effect sizes were –.31 for both proportion of correct identifications and accuracy of eyewitness recall. Effect sizes were notably larger for target-present than for target-absent lineups, for eyewitness identification studies than for face recognition studies and for eyewitness studies employing a staged crime than for eyewitness studies employing other means to induce stress.     

司法心理测试在侦破内盗案件中的应用

在对司法心理测试进行的实验研究和现场研究中,司法心理测试用于侦破内盗案件成功率很高,内盗案件的性质及测试条件适合使用心理测试技术,被测人所处地位以及劝导说服式的测后谈话对被测人的心理影响很大。     

社会记忆中的性别偏好

本文通过对一个个案的研究,从社会记忆理论的角度诠释了中国农村地区生育实践中的性别偏好。     

中国犯罪心理测试技术研究应用现状与展望

中国犯罪心理测试技术的研究与应用,必须立足中国本土的实践。实践证明,照抄照搬美国测谎理论和方法,仿制美式仪器简单机械地应用是十分错误的。在党中央提出加强科技自主创新的今天,《中国犯罪心理测试技术应用教程纲要》一书,已成为我国自主研创的基本理论和基本方法的结晶,已成为大学相关专业研究生、本科生、专科生的必读教材。中国自主研创的犯罪心理测试技术理论和方法亟需推广和普及。     

HLA 及其在法医学上的应用

HLA 是迄今人类最复杂的遗传多态性系统,其在法医学上的应用,包括亲子鉴定和个人识别的重要性日益被认识。作者等对血痕、血清和唾液的 HLA 测定的研究结果证明:(1)血痕中存在较强的抗补体作用。应用淋巴细胞毒抑制试验测定血痕的 HLA 时,增加补体用量可使测定的正确率达100%,经90天的血痕仍能完全正确检出 HLA 型。(2)血清的 HLA 测定是可行的,这对远道送检血清及尸体血清测定 HLA 有一定价值。(3)唾液中有可溶性 HLA 抗原存在。     

英语A、B级无纸化考试系统简析

借助于计算机技术的英语网络无纸化考试系统,对节约考试成本,提高考试效率,确保考试结果的公平、公正、科学、及时等具有重要的意义。广东省英语A、B级网络无纸化考试模式由五大子系统组成,采用WEB和WindowsMedia技术,便于客户端的维护,具有较强的网络故障适应能力,可进行听力或口语在线考试,实现了考试管理的创新。     

保护消费者权益刑事立法的特征与评判

消费者权益保护的刑事法制在发展方向上应当作以下努力 :在犯罪与一般违法的区别上应重行为性质而轻行为程度 ;在我国立法定量的模式之下 ,对于生产、销售伪劣商品犯罪的成罪之量的规定模式 ,应选择司法裁量式的综合指标模式 ;改变以发生领域划分本类罪与其他犯罪界限的做法 ;在法定刑的方面 ,改变其作为重罪的要求 ,转向适当的刑罚。