新型毒品2C-B的研究进展

2C-B是一种新型的毒品,它具有兴奋和致幻的双重精神作用。作为滥用品始于上世纪80年代的欧美地区,近年来,在一些亚洲国家和地区包括我国开始出现其滥用的情况,并有逐渐增多的趋势。本文就2C-B的合成方法、药毒理作用、代谢等方面进行综述。     

Development and validation of the AmpFℓSTR® Identifiler® Direct PCR Amplification Kit: a multiplex assay for the direct amplification of single-source samples

Abstract: The AmpF?STR^® Identifiler^® Direct PCR Amplification Kit is a new short tandem repeat multiplex assay optimized to allow the direct amplification of single‐source blood and buccal samples on FTA^® card without the need for sample purification and quantification. This multiplex assay has been validated according to the FBI/National Standards and SWGDAM guidelines. Validation results revealed that slight variations in primer concentration, master mix component concentration, and thermal cycling parameters did not affect the performance of the chemistry. The assay’s sensitivity was demonstrated by amplifying known amounts of white blood cells spotted onto FTA^® cards, and the assay’s specificity was verified by establishing minimal cross‐reactivity with nonhuman DNA. No effect on the age of the sample stored on the FTA^® substrate was observed and full concordance was established in the population study. These findings of the validation study support the use of the Identifiler^® Direct Kit for forensic standards and database samples genotyping.     

柚皮素- 铜络合物对Hep- G2细胞增殖与凋亡的影响

目的 观察柚皮素-铜络合物在体外对人肝癌Hep-G2细胞增殖与凋亡的影响,探究其作用机制。方法 将不同浓度柚皮素-铜络合物作用于体外培养的Hep-G2细胞,采用甲基噻唑基四唑法检测细胞生长抑制率;荧光显微镜下观察柚皮素-铜络合物对DAPI染色的Hep-G2细胞凋亡的影响;应用流式细胞仪检测凋亡率; Western blot法检测细胞中Bcl-2、Bax和Caspase-3蛋白表达的变化。结果 柚皮素-铜络合物可显著地抑制Hep-G2细胞增殖,且在一定的范围内呈浓度依赖性。荧光显微镜下观察显示,柚皮素-铜络合物作用的Hep-G2细胞出现显著的凋亡特征,呈剂量依赖性地增加细胞凋亡率。柚皮素-铜络合物可上调Hep-G2细胞中Bax、Caspase-3蛋白的表达,抑制Bcl-2蛋白的表达,且呈一定的剂量依赖性。结论 柚皮素-铜络合物可抑制Hep-G2细胞的增殖并诱导其凋亡,其作用机制可能与上调Bax、Caspase-3蛋白的表达,抑制Bcl-2蛋白的表达有关。     

槐耳清膏对荷瘤小鼠瘤细胞Bcl-2、Bax表达的影响

目的探讨槐耳清膏治疗肿瘤的作用机制。方法将雄性昆明小鼠分为对照组、5-Fu组、槐耳清膏组和槐耳清膏+5-Fu组。用H22细胞给小鼠皮下注射,复制皮下瘤模型。观察各组移植瘤质量和抑瘤率,采用免疫组织化学法检测各组瘤组织Bcl-2、Bax蛋白表达。结果3个用药组小鼠的移植瘤质量和瘤组织Bcl-2阳性率显著低于对照组(P<0.05);与5-Fu组和槐耳清膏组比较,槐耳清膏+5-Fu组小鼠瘤质量和瘤组织Bcl-2阳性率显著降低,Bax阳性率显著升高(P<0.05)。结论槐耳清膏有明显的抑制肿瘤生长的作用,其机制可能是通过下调Bcl-2蛋白表达和上调Bax蛋白表达,促进肿瘤细胞凋亡。     

疏肝健脾方药对非酒精性脂肪性肝病大鼠肝组织UCP2 mRNA及蛋白表达的影响

目的观察疏肝健脾方药对非酒精性脂肪性肝病(non-alcoholic fatty liver disease,NAFLD)大鼠肝组织解偶联蛋白2(uncoupling protein 2,UCP2)mRNA及蛋白表达的影响,初步探讨疏肝健脾方药治疗NAFLD的作用机制。方法采用高脂饲料喂养12周复制雄性SD大鼠NAFLD模型,将模型大鼠分为疏肝组、健脾组、疏肝健脾综合组(综合组)、三七脂肝丸组(三七组)、模型组,各组给予相应治疗8周。测定各组大鼠血清总胆固醇、三酰甘油、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇含量。采用RT-PCR方法检测肝组织UCP2 mRNA的表达,免疫组织化学方法检测肝组织中UCP2蛋白活性变化。结果与正常组比较,模型组大鼠肝组织中UCP2 mRNA表达水平显著升高(P<0.05);与模型组比较,疏肝组、健脾组和综合组UCP2 mRNA表达水平显著下降(P<0.05)。模型组肝组织UCP2蛋白表达水平显著升高;与模型组比较,各用药组UCP2蛋白表达水平均显著下调(P<0.01)。结论疏肝健脾方药可使NAFLD大鼠肝组织中UCP2基因和蛋白表达水平降低。     

缺血性中风气虚血瘀证动物模型的初步研究

选用中老龄大鼠,采用饥饿、劳累、高脂饮食、结扎左侧侧颈总动脉的方法,制作缺血性中风气虚血瘀证模型。通过对一般体征、局部脑组织血流量、脑水肿、血液流变学、血浆血栓素Ａ２（ＴＸＡ２０、前列环素（ＰＧＩ２）的观察。结果表明：模型鼠出现偏瘫症状;脑组织含 显著增高,脑水肿明显;ｒＣＢＦ显著增高,ＰＧＩ２显著降低,血液呈高度浓、粘、凝、聚状态。符合缺血性中风气虚血瘀证的临床特点。     

Lipidic compounds found in soils surrounding human decomposing bodies and its use in forensic investigations – A narrative review

Following decomposition of a human body, a variety of decomposition products, such as lipids, are released into the surrounding environment, e.g. soils. The long-lasting preservation in soils and their high diagnostic potential have been neglected in forensic research. Furthermore, little is known about the preservation, chemical transformation, or degradation of those human derived lipids in soils. To date, several studies identified various lipids such as long-chain free fatty acids and steroids in soils that contained decomposition fluids. Those lipids are preserved in soils over time and could serve as markers of human decomposition in forensic investigations, e.g. for estimating the post-mortem interval or identifying the burial location of a human body. Therefore, this review focuses on the current literature regarding fatty acid and steroid that have been detected in soils and associated with human body decomposition. After a short introduction about human decomposition processes, this review summarises fatty acid and steroid analysis applied in current case studies and studies related to taphonomic research. This review provides an overview of the available studies that have used fatty acids and steroids as identifiers of human decomposition fluid in soils in a forensic context and discusses the potential for developing this innovative field of research with direct application in a forensic context.     

Informing regional taphonomy research using retrospective forensic anthropology cases in the Western Cape,South Africa

The post-mortem interval (PMI) is important in death investigations as it can assist in reconstructing the context of the case and the identification of the unknown individual. However, in some instances the PMI is challenging to estimate due to the absence of regional taphonomy standards. To conduct accurate and locally relevant forensic taphonomy research, investigators require insight into the regional hotspot recovery areas. Thus, forensic cases examined by the Forensic Anthropology Cape Town (FACT) in the Western Cape (WC) province of South Africa between 2006 and 2018 (n = 172 cases; n = 174 individuals) were retrospectively reviewed. In our study, a considerable number of individuals did not have the PMI estimations (31 %; 54/174) and the ability to estimate a PMI was significantly associated with skeletal completeness, unburnt remains, absence of clothing and the absence of entomological evidence (p < 0.05 for each). Significantly fewer cases had the PMI estimated after FACT was formalised in 2014 (p < 0.0001). One third of cases with PMI estimations were made with large open-ended ranges, making them less informative. Factors significantly associated with these broad PMI ranges were fragmented remains, absence of clothing and absence of entomological evidence (p < 0.05 for each). Most decedents (51 %; 87/174) were discovered in police precincts from high crime areas, yet a considerable number (47 %; 81/174) were also found in low crime and sparsely populated areas regularly used for recreational activities. Common sites of body discovery were vegetated areas (23 %; 40/174), followed by the roadside (15 %; 29/174), aquatic environments (11 %; 20/174) and farms (11 %; 19/174). Decedents were discovered exposed (35 %; 62/174), covered with items such as bedding or shrubs (14 %; 25/174) or buried (10 %; 17/174). Our data highlight gaps in forensic taphonomy studies and clearly informs what regional research is needed. Overall, our study demonstrates how forensic case information can inform regional forensic taphonomy studies to locate common areas and contexts for the discovery of decomposed bodies and encourages similar studies in other areas of the world.     

针刺对2型糖尿病大鼠脂肪组织INSR基因表达的影响

目的探讨针刺对2型糖尿病(type 2 diabetes mellitus,T2DM)机体脂肪组织胰岛素受体(insulinreceptor,INSR)基因表达的影响。方法给食源性肥胖大鼠腹腔注射小剂量链脲佐菌素复制T2DM模型,随机分为针刺组、优降糖组和模型组,设正常对照组。处理4周后,采用罗氏活力型血糖仪测空腹血糖(fast-ing blood sugar,FBS),采用放射免疫法检测空腹胰岛素(fastinginsulin,FINS),采用原位杂交检测脂肪细胞INSRmRNA表达,计算胰岛素敏感性指数(insulin sensitivity index,ISI)和稳态模型评估胰岛素抵抗(homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance,Homa-IR)指数。结果与正常组比较,模型组FBS、FINS、ISI、Homa-IR水平显著上升(P<0.01),INSR基因水平表达显著降低(P<0.01);与模型组比较,治疗后优降糖组和针刺组FBS、FINS、ISI、Homa-IR显著下降(P<0.05,或P<0.01),INSR基因表达显著升高(P<0.01)。...