A family with unusual Kell genotypes

A family in which kKp^a, kKp^b, KKp^b and K^o are segregating confirms the depressing effect of Kp^a on the products of other Kell genes in cis. The significance of such unusual Kell genotypes in forensic testing is discussed.     

表达猪瘟病毒E2蛋白重组减毒鼠伤寒沙门氏菌活载体疫苗株的构建及动物免疫试验

为了构建表达猪瘟病毒E2蛋白的口服重组减毒鼠伤寒沙门氏菌活载体疫苗株,亚克隆猪瘟病毒E2基因,将其插入到表达载体pYA3341中,构建了重组质粒pYA3341-E2。将该重组质粒电转入鼠伤寒沙门氏菌疫苗株X4550(缺失asd、cya、crp基因),获得重组疫苗菌株X4550(pYA3341-E2),并对重组菌表达的E2蛋白进行SDS-PAGE和Western-blot分析、测定其在体内外的稳定性、生长曲线、安全性及动物免疫试验。结果显示,重组菌能表达E2蛋白且表达的蛋白能与猪瘟病毒阳性血清特异性结合。在体外营养选择压力下,重组菌株在体外可稳定地携带重组质粒传代繁殖,在体内可稳定地定居于肠系膜淋巴结和脾。小鼠口服试验证实重组菌无毒性,安全可靠。动物免疫试验表明,口服重组菌免疫猪产生了抗E2蛋白抗体。淋巴细胞增殖试验表明,重组菌能诱导机体产生较强的细胞免疫应答。结果表明,成功构建了能稳定表达猪瘟病毒E2蛋白的口服减毒鼠伤寒沙门氏菌疫苗株,为研究猪瘟口服基因工程疫苗奠定了基础。     

尿中五氯酚和2.4-二氯-6-硝基苯酚气相色谱分析

目的建立利用气相色谱分析检测尿中五氯酚和2,4-二氯-6-硝基苯酚的方法。方法取空白尿液添加五氯酚和2.4-二氯-6-硝基苯酚标准品及内标2.4-二氯苯酚,经乙酸酐衍生化后,采用气相色谱法进行检测,并对提取方法、衍生化条件等进行考察。结果经气相色谱分析,尿中五氯酚和2.4-二氯-6-硝基苯酚可得到有效分离,无杂质干扰且峰形较好。在pH值为2条件下,以环己烷作为萃取溶剂为最佳萃取条件。衍生化优选条件为使用10灿乙酸酐并加入10μL无水吡啶,60℃反应30min。结论采用气相色谱法检测尿中五氯酚和2.4-二氯-6-硝基苯酚,方法简单、结果准确,可在实际办案中应用。     

Detection of genotype recycling fraud in U.S. immigrants

Abstract: Relationship testing laboratories provide genetic evidence to support or refute claims of kinship between U.S. citizen petitioners and potential immigrant beneficiaries. One female beneficiary presented a male amelogenin type and alleles at 15 autosomal loci that were identical to an alleged brother’s. Laboratory records showed that her alleged father had petitioned to have 15 children emigrate from Ghana. The petitioner’s 15 paternity indices exceeded 10⁵, but the children shared only four short tandem repeat (STR) profiles, suggesting fraudulent reuse of genotypes in this alleged pedigree (AP). To determine the extent of this “genotype recycling,” I examined the laboratory’s 555 APs from Ghana and 532 control APs from Nigeria. Seventeen Ghanaian APs (3.1%) but no Nigerian APs showed genotype recycling. Of 90 tested people in the 17 APs, 56 shared identical STR profiles with others in their AP. Of these 56 people, 10 were petitioners with unexpectedly high parentage indices. Seven of 56 had amelogenin types that disagreed with their declared genders. Database searches for identical multilocus genotypes in allegedly different people would best detect this fraud.     

不同佐剂对猪圆环病毒2型灭活抗原免疫效果的影响

为了筛选到能有效提高猪圆环病毒2型(PCV2)灭活抗原免疫原性的佐剂,将ISA206、ISA15A、GEL、CP934、CP940五种佐剂与PCV2灭活抗原混合,配制疫苗后,进行小鼠免疫试验及猪体攻毒保护性试验。小鼠免疫试验结果显示,ISA206和ISA15A组的ELISA抗体、中和抗体水平和淋巴细胞转化试验刺激指数都显著高于空白对照组(P<0.05),但ISA206组与ISA15A之间无显著差异(P>0.05)。猪体攻毒保护试验结果显示,ISA206组的ELISA抗体水平、中和抗体水平明显高于其他组(包括ISA15A组)(P<0.01),二免后ISA206免疫组淋巴细胞转化试验刺激指数与ISA15A组之间差异不显著(P>0.05),但显著高于其他组(P<0.01)。攻毒后,ISA206组仔猪相对日增重高于其他各组(P<0.01),体内带毒和体外排毒的仔猪数量最少(各2头)、持续时间最短(分别在第11天和第7天消失)。病理切片显微观察显示,攻毒后ISA206组的组织病理变化最为轻微。上述结果说明,佐剂ISA206配制的疫苗免疫效果明显优于其他佐剂疫苗。     

Enzymatic detection of γ-hydroxybutyrate using aldo-keto reductase 7A2

Gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) is a prescribed medication as well as a drug of abuse. Its detection in various matrices for in-field forensic scientists remains a challenge. We have developed an assay that uses aldo-keto reductase 7A2 (AKR7A2) for the specific determination of GHB in various drinks. AKR7A2 was purified using Ni-affinity chromatography. The Michaelis-Menten constant for the GHB oxidation reaction was 10 mM, and the minimum detection limit was 4 mM. Ethanol was not a substrate for AKR7A2. In a coupled reaction with NADP(+), phenazine methosulfate (PMS), and 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol, various beverages (orange juice, milk, soda, and numerous alcoholic drinks) containing GHB turned from blue to light yellow. In a second coupled reaction where diaphorase replaced PMS, the presence of GHB also caused the expected change of color in various beers.     

Long Allele Designations at D2S1338 and D19S433 Loci as Influenced by Various Multiplex STR Kits

European forensic laboratories are replacing the STR multiplex kits with the new generation 16/17 STR kits. This study examines the influence of the new generation kits and the new Applied Biosystems 3500xL Genetic Analyzer on the designation of long D2S1338 and D19S433 off‐ladder alleles. Different allele calls were obtained using the new NGM? (Applied Biosystems) and PowerPlex^® ESI? (Promega) kits compared with AmpF?STR^® SGM Plus? kit (Applied Biosystems). Sequence analysis was used to determine accurate allele designation. The new multiplex kits and the 3500xL Genetic Analyzer improved accuracy of long allele designations. DNA databases worldwide include countless profiles obtained by previous kits. Discrepancies between the new and former technologies may cause failure to detect hits. Discordance is expected due to primer sequence differences between various kits. An additional discordance, occurring in long alleles, independent of primer sequence is reported in this study.     

大鼠皮质神经细胞缺氧缺糖损伤后MAP-2表达变化规律

目的观察原代培养大鼠大脑皮质神经细胞缺氧缺糖（OGD）损伤24h内的形态学及微管相关蛋白2（MAP-2）表达变化。方法使用出生1-2d的Wistar大鼠,取大脑皮质神经细胞进行原代培养,用连二亚硫酸钠加低糖培养基制作神经细胞OGD损伤模型,损伤后应用倒置显微镜观察形态学变化,Western印迹法观察MAP-2蛋白表达变化。结果原代培养大鼠大脑皮质神经细胞OGD损伤后1h,少数神经细胞突起缩短;伤后6-12h神经细胞胞体明显皱缩,多数细胞突起缩短或消失;伤后24h神经细胞形态部分恢复,部分突起重新出现。Western印迹法显示,MAP-2在神经细胞OGD损伤后1h表达降低,伤后12h达低谷,24h表达升高。结论 OGD损伤后,原代培养大鼠大脑皮质神经细胞的形态及MAP-2表达随时间呈现一定的规律性变化。     

P2P网络借贷诉讼的程序选择与适用

网络借贷由于具有交易手续便捷、贷款门槛低和操作灵活等特点,可以满足小微企业和个人的资金需求,提高社会闲散资金的利用率,因此在短时间内获得了较快的发展。按照P2P公司是否为贷款者提供担保为标准,可初步将所有的P2P网络贷款业务分成无抵押无担保、无抵押有担保以及有抵押有担保三种类型。在每一种类型中,由于民事主体间所涉法律关系的不同,导致了纷争发生后各主体维护自身权益方式的差异,决定了因P2P网络贷款引发的纷争所适用诉讼程序的迥然有异。     

K2 Toxicity: Fatal Case of Psychiatric Complications Following AM2201 Exposure

Limited forensic and clinical experience and the lack of confirmatory testing strategies for synthetic cannabinoids (SC) prevent adequate characterization of SC toxicity and the potential impact on public health. A statewide surveillance system identified a fatality involving a 23‐year‐old man found with a large stab wound to the neck following use of a SC product suspected of containing AM2201. Analytical testing for common SCs, SC metabolites, routine drugs of abuse, and over‐the‐counter medications was performed on heart blood obtained at autopsy. Additionally, assays were performed on the SC raw material and drug paraphernalia found on the decedent. High concentrations of AM2201 were detected in all samples. AM2201 metabolites were detected in postmortem blood. Other than a trace amount of JWH‐073 found in smoke residue, no other substances were detected. Psychiatric complications including self‐induced, lethal trauma can occur after the use of SC products.