Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome mimicking child abuse by burning

Child abuse by burning comprises 6–20% of all child abuse cases, but misdiagnosis may arise in cases of some medical conditions. We present two cases of suspected inflicted burns, later diagnosed as staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome (SSSS).     

小鼠皮肤切创愈合过程中纤维细胞募集和分化的时间依赖性

目的 观察小鼠皮肤切创愈合过程中,纤维细胞募集和分化随时间变化的规律性.方法 应用免疫荧光技术共定位纤维细胞[共表达CD45、Ⅰ型前胶原(procollagen Ⅰ)]和肌成纤维细胞[共表达CD45、平滑肌肌动蛋白(α-smooth muscle actin,α-SMA)],计数纤维细胞及其分化成的肌成纤维细胞.结果 ...     

小鼠皮肤切创愈合过程中Ⅱ型大麻素受体的表达

目的观察皮肤切创愈合过程中CB2R表达变化的时问规律性。方法 健康小鼠50只,随机分为10组,建立皮肤切创模型,应用免疫组织化学技术及Westernbloting方法检测切创后不同时间段小鼠背部正中皮肤CB2R的表达。结果免疫组织化学结果显示,对照组CB2R表达于表皮、毛囊、皮脂腺、皮肌层、血管平滑肌、神经纤维外膜及神经纤维束束膜;伤后6h损伤区及周边区多核粒细胞少量表达CB2R,12～24h以单个核细胞阳性表达为主,3d以单个核细胞和梭形成纤维细胞表达为主,5～14d以梭形成纤维细胞为主。CB2R阳性细胞率于0h～3d逐渐升高,5d达最高峰,随后逐渐下降。经Westernblotting检测显示,对照及各个损伤时间段都有CB2R阳性条带,其中5d为CB2R表达高峰。结论小鼠皮肤切创愈合过程中,CB2R于损伤区及周边区多核粒细胞、单个核细胞、梭形成纤维细胞中表达,并具有规律性,提示CB2R可能参与皮肤损伤愈合,并可用于皮肤损伤时间的推断。     

小鼠皮肤切创愈合过程中α7nAChR表达与损伤时间关系

目的检测皮肤切创愈合过程中α7nAChR的表达及其时间规律性变化。方法建立小鼠皮肤切创模型,应用免疫组织化学技术及Western blot方法检测切创后不同时间段皮肤中α7nAChR的表达。结果免疫组织化学结果显示,对照组α7nAChR表达于表皮、毛囊、皮脂腺、血管内皮及真皮中少数的成纤维细胞;伤后6～12h切创皮肤损伤区及周边区可见少量多核粒细胞和单核细胞表达α7nAChR,1～3d以单核细胞阳性表达为主,5～14d以成纤维细胞为主。α7nAChR阳性细胞率于伤后1d开始升高,伤后7d达最高峰,随后逐渐下降。经Western blot检测显示,对照组及各实验组均有α7nAChR阳性条带,其中伤后7d为α7nAChR表达高峰。结论α7nAChR在小鼠皮肤切创愈合过程中呈现一定的时序性变化。     

特征表型信息SNP在法医学分析中的研究进展

以DNA为基础的STR和SNP遗传标记的检验,已广泛应用于各种个人识别、亲子鉴定和人口失踪案件。但现场DNA样本分型不能与相关个体匹配时,利用特征表型信息SNP则可能为侦查提供有价值线索。本文综述了近年来特征表型信息SNP在法医学应用中的研究进展,并简述其发展方向,旨在为相关研究和应用提供参考和借鉴。     

不同温度下大鼠皮肤5种RNA指标与PMI的相关性

目的探讨大鼠皮肤内β-肌动蛋白(β-actin)、甘油醛-3-磷酸脱氢酶(glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase,GAPDH)、18S核糖体RNA(18S ribosomal RNA,18S rRNA)、5S核糖体RNA(5S ribosomal RNA,5S rRNA)以及微小RNA-203(microRNA-203,miR-203)这5种RNA指标在不同温度下的表达水平与死亡时间(PMI)的相关性。方法将18只SD大鼠随机分为3组,处死后分别置于4℃、15℃和35℃的环境中,于死后0~120h内11个时间点取大鼠腹部皮肤。抽提皮肤总RNA,利用实时荧光定量PCR技术检测5种RNA表达水平。运用geNorm软件选取合适内参后,利用GraphPad软件对内参标准化的RNA指标进行回归分析。结果 5S rRNA和miR-203作为内参最合适。在4℃和15℃温度组中,β-actin和GAPDH的表达量变化与PMI线性关系良好。在35℃下,β-actin和GAPDH与PMI呈现S形曲线关系。而18S rRNA只在15℃和35℃温度组呈现一定的线性关系。结论皮肤组织比较适合作为提取RNA的检材,其中β-actin和GAPDH表达水平与PMI相关性良好,有望成为推测PMI的辅助指标。     

损伤皮肤中组胺荧光显微定位定量与损伤时间推断的实验研究

本文应用显微荧光分光光度计法研究大白鼠皮肤创缘组织中组胺的分布和含量,并用甲苯胺蓝法观察创缘肥大细胞形态和数量的变化。结果发现,创缘真皮乳头层出现扩散的细胞外黄色荧光和肥大细胞脱颗粒现象为生前伤的重要特点;组胺荧光分布范围及增多的程度与损伤时间密切相关。从而为损伤时间推断提供了一种新的方法。     

Comparison of injuries caused by the pistols Tokarev,Makarov and Glock 19 at firing distances of 25, 50, 75 and 100 cm

Firings in the horizontal direction at cloth targets and at human skin from autopsy material were performed using the pistols 7.62 mm Tokarev (TT), 9 mm Makarov (PM) and 9 mm × 19 mm Glock 19 with common ammunition.     

Cadaver dogs--a study on detection of contaminated carpet squares

Introduction

Cadaver dogs are known as valuable forensic tools in crime scene investigations. Scientific research attempting to verify their value is largely lacking, specifically for scents associated with the early postmortem interval. The aim of our investigation was the comparative evaluation of the reliability, accuracy, and specificity of three cadaver dogs belonging to the Hamburg State Police in the detection of scents during the early postmortem interval.

Material and methods

Carpet squares were used as an odor transporting media after they had been contaminated with the scent of two recently deceased bodies (PMI < 3 h). The contamination occurred for 2 min as well as 10 min without any direct contact between the carpet and the corpse. Comparative searches by the dogs were performed over a time period of 65 days (10 min contamination) and 35 days (2 min contamination).

Results

The results of this study indicate that the well-trained cadaver dog is an outstanding tool for crime scene investigation displaying excellent sensitivity (75–100), specificity (91–100), and having a positive predictive value (90–100), negative predictive value (90–100) as well as accuracy (92–100).     

Biomechanical Factors in Human Dermal Bitemarks in a Cadaver Model*

Abstract: In bitemark analysis, the forensic odontologist must consider how the biomechanical properties of the skin contribute to distortion of the bitemark. In addition, one must consider how the bitemark can be distorted by postural movement of the victim after the bite has occurred. A fundamental review of the architecture and biomechanical properties of the dermis is described and evaluated through bites made on cadavers. In order to assess distortion, 23 bites from a single characterized dentition were made on un‐embalmed cadaver skin. Bite indentations were photographed. Following various body manipulations they were re‐photographed in different positions. Hollow volume overlays of the biting dentition were constructed, and metric analysis of the dentition and all bitemarks was completed. The overall intercanine, mesial to distal, and angle of rotation distortion was calculated. Of the 23 bites made, none were measurably identical, and in some cases, dramatic distortion was noted.