A Review of Proposed Positive Dental Identifications from the World War II Era

In 1949, the American Graves Registration Service Pacific Zone proposed the identification of 27 sets of remains (skulls/crania/mandibles) based on comparisons with written dental records. All were denied, and the remains were buried as unknowns. In 2003 and 2015, the remains were exhumed by the DPAA. Currently, 26 individuals previously recommended for identification have been positively identified. The DPAA Science Director's opinion corresponded with 24 of their recommendations, while DNA excluded three. Caution should be taken by the forensic scientist when building assemblages through skeletal and dental articulation. The forensic odontologist must always consider variations in restorative care/extraction patterns and the possibility of documentation errors when reviewing/interpreting historical and current day dental records used for AM/PM comparisons. The odontologist should base their opinion on the strength of the antemortem/postmortem comparison, number and type of concordances, and distinct dental care and extraction patterns.     

Analysis of Frontal Sinuses for Personal Identification in a Chinese Sample Using a New Code Number

The study of frontal sinuses for personal identification is a considered approach in the forensic field. In Yoshino's system, the frontal sinus patterns of a given person were formulated as a code number (codY) obtained by arranging the class numbers in each classification item. The aim of this work was to use a new code number (codC) with eight digits that includes other two continuous variables obtained as ratios SOR₁ (left frontal sinus area/left orbit area) and SOR₂ (right frontal sinus area/right orbit area), comparing the results with that of Yoshino. Digital radiographic images of the skulls of 150 Chinese people were analyzed. Spearman's partial correlation coefficients were evaluated between variables characterizing frontal sinus patterns. We used a maximum-weight dependence tree for statistical analysis. Results demonstrated that codC significantly reduced the probability of having the same personal code number compared with codY. Our scientific approach results valid for personal identification purposes.     

超龄人员用工法律关系研究 —— 以《审理劳动争议案件解释（三）》第七条为切入点

因《劳动合同法》与《劳动合同法实施条例》存在相左规定,司法实践中,对超龄用工关系性质的认定不统一。《最高人民法院关于审理劳动争议案件适用法律若干问题的解释(三)》第七条对此冲突进行了补正。然而,因超龄用工关系认定理论的不足,仍未能解决司法实务中判断基准与裁判标准不统一问题,影响了司法的稳定性和可预见性。对此问题应以广阔的视角和务实的精神加以检讨:即以"社会保险待遇说"和"特殊劳动关系说"为理论支撑,在辨识劳动关系和劳动法律关系的前提下,从"分类以视之"的分析方式和解决思路入手,厘清超龄用工关系之情形,以准确认定其法律性质。     

American Dance Pioneer Martha Graham and the Ghosts of Feminism

Abstract: The essay explores the mutual haunting between American modern dance pioneer Martha Graham and feminism. This troubling arises from the confusion between what can be considered the predominantly feminist character of Graham's life and work coupled with Graham's outright rejection of a feminist consciousness. The author suggests that this ambivalent situation allows for an ever increasing complex but fruitful discussion of Graham's possible feminist identifications and their effects. The essay first argues for the performanative force of ‘doing’ a feminist identity as a foil for Graham's public written reputation of feminism. It then charts both the changing cultural and social beliefs of and about women in the twentieth century alongside Graham's specific geographical, social, cultural and historical placement in that history and its possible impact on her processes of identification. The essay then makes a close contextual reading of one of Graham's works of the early 1930s, Primitive Mysteries (1931), to illustrate its radical conception of the female body both at the time of its premiere and over subsequent reconstructions. The author finishes by arguing that the question of Graham's feminism is an important one because it remains unanswered.     

关于指纹自动识别系统使用过程中的新思考

计算机指纹自动识别系统,是指以指纹自动处理为核心的指纹处理、管理、识别计算机系统,具有存储容量大、比对速度快、效率高、质量好、便于应用等诸多优越性。指纹自动比对系统不仅提高了速度,最主要的是提高了比中率。但系统的使用是离不开人的,其中捺印指纹入库质量、现场指纹入库特征标识准确性、系统的维护等工作都离不开技术人员,各个环节的技术员的综合能力的优劣,及对系统性能的熟悉程度,均直接影响到检索比对的结果。     

普通红外光谱法快速检验化学修饰后的毛发

该研究的目的是建立一种无损快速检验化学修饰后毛发的方法。将样品清洗后,染色使用仪器：傅立叶红外光谱仪水平ATR装置,扫描范围设定为4,000厘米-1到650厘米-1,扫描次数设定为32次,分辨率设定为4厘米-1;分别取适量毛发样品,置于水平ATR仪锗晶体表面上,并压平;样品扫描,采集样品红外光谱谱图;红外光谱谱图处理,基线自动校准,9点平滑处理。结果28种样品实验结果表明,重现性较好,能够区分不同处理的样品。     

医疗纠纷诉讼证据问题与对策——对病历-鉴定-审判模式的反思

医疗纠纷诉讼证据包括民事诉讼法规定的七种证据。由于医疗纠纷诉讼的特殊性,我国司法实践已经形成了病历—鉴定—审判的审理模式。法官在案件审理过程中,存在案件事实认定的鉴定结论依赖性及法律责任认定的鉴定结论依赖性。然而,其不利因素是病历资料的客观真实性在现存制度下难以保障,双轨制的鉴定制度还很不完善。建议引入特定场所视听资料对病历真实性进行佐证,加强电子病历真实性的管理与监控,完善鉴定人出庭制度,推行专家辅助人制度及采取专家陪审员制度。     

Performance Study of a Score‐based Likelihood Ratio System for Forensic Fingermark Comparison

In this article, the performance of a score‐based likelihood ratio (LR) system for comparisons of fingerprints with fingermarks is studied. The system is based on an automated fingerprint identification system (AFIS) comparison algorithm and focuses on fingerprint comparisons where the fingermarks contain 6–11 minutiae. The hypotheses under consideration are evaluated at the level of the person, not the finger. The LRs are presented with bootstrap intervals indicating the sampling uncertainty involved. Several aspects of the performance are measured: leave‐one‐out cross‐validation is applied, and rates of misleading evidence are studied in two ways. A simulation study is performed to study the coverage of the bootstrap intervals. The results indicate that the evidential strength for same source comparisons that do not meet the Dutch twelve‐point standard may be substantial. The methods used can be generalized to measure the performance of score‐based LR systems in other fields of forensic science.     

显微鉴定技术在一枝黄花药材鉴别中的应用

目的 对加拿大一枝黄花和一枝黄花进行鉴别,从而控制一枝黄花的药材质量。方法 采用显微鉴定技术对两种样品的叶片进行显微制片并对比观察。结果 一枝黄花和加拿大一枝黄花在叶缘非腺毛的细胞构成数目和叶片下表皮非腺毛的类型方面存在明显差异,一枝黄花叶缘非腺毛常为3～7个细胞,而加拿大一枝黄花叶缘非腺毛多由2～4个细胞构成,加拿大一枝黄花的下表皮具有非鼠尾状的普通非腺毛,而一枝黄花则无。结论 一枝黄花和加拿大一枝黄花在叶片上的显微差异可以作为一枝黄花药材鉴别的参考依据。