参芪健心方治疗射血分数中间值心力衰竭患者临床观察

目的 观察参芪健心方治疗射血分数中间值心力衰竭(heart failure with mid-range ejection fraction, HFmrEF)的临床疗效。方法 将60例HFmrEF患者按随机数字表法平均分为两组,观察组30例患者在西医基础治疗的同时,给予参芪健心方治疗,每日1剂;对照组30例患者仅接受西医基础治疗;疗程均为4周。比较两组患者治疗前后脑钠肽(B-type natriuretic peptid, BNP)、左心室舒张末内径(left ventricular end-diastolic dimension, LVEDD)、左心室射血分数(left ventricular ejection fraction, LVEF)、6分钟步行距离(6 minutes walking distance, 6MWD)、中医证候积分,基于纽约心脏病协会(New York Heart Association, NYHA)心功能分级的临床疗效及主要心血管不良事件(major adverse cardiovascular events, MACE)发生情况。结果 与治疗前比较,两组患...     

不同损伤程度脑震荡鼠逆行性遗忘变化比较

目的研究不同损伤程度脑震荡(CC)大鼠逆行性遗忘(RA)之变化情况。方法用金属单摆打击装置复制大鼠不同损伤程度脑震荡模型,用Morris水迷宫检测脑震荡后大鼠逆行性遗忘变化情况。结果单纯性脑震荡(PCC)大鼠打击后72h内出现逆行性遗忘,伤后4d出现认知受损,随后恢复。复杂性脑震荡(CCC)大鼠打击后5d内既有逆行性遗忘的存在,又有认知功能受损,5d后恢复。结论大鼠不同损伤程度脑震荡后均出现逆行性遗忘,且脑震荡损伤程度不同,逆行性遗忘持续时间亦不同,脑震荡程度越重,RA持续时间越长。     

神经束内微电极记录家兔心电信号的实验研究

目的:采用神经束内微电极记录家兔心交感神经电信号,探讨不同状态下家兔心交感神经束内的电活动。方法:将特制铂铱合金微电极在16倍手术显微镜下植入心交感神经束内,用Biopac生物信号采集系统记录神经电信号,同时接入SKY-A4生物信号处理系统进行统计分析。比较正常状态下与心肌缺血时家兔心交感神经电信号的变化。结果:心交感神经电信号可持续记录,心肌缺血时心交感神经放电较正常时明显增强(P<0.01),微电极记录能很好反映神经束内电活动的变化。结论:神经束内微电极可稳定记录心交感神经电信号,能较好反映神经束内电活动的变化。     

心脏钠通道SCN5A基因突变与致心律失常性疾病

致心律失常性疾病患者死后尸检时心脏没有发现病理学异常的证据,过去都将其归为原因不明的猝死,近年研究显示,很多致心律失常性疾病与心脏钠通道基因(SCN5A)突变相关。本文对钠通道SCN5A基因的基本结构、SCN5A基因突变与几种相关的致心律失常性疾病的相关性等进行了综述,旨在为原因不明猝死的研究提供新思路。     

钝力性心脏外伤38例尸检病理学研究

本文研究表明钝力作为原始致伤因素作用于胸部通过压、拉、剪切、旋转等可引起钝力性心脏外伤包括心脏震荡、心脏挫裂伤、心脏玻裂、心脏断离等原发性心脏外伤和继发性乃至迟发性心脏外伤，诸如外伤性心脏炎、冠脉血管炎、血栓形成、外伤性心肌梗塞、外伤性冠状动脉瘤、外伤性室壁瘤、迟发性外伤性心脏破裂等。致命性的心脏震荡，除急性冠循环障碍和心失常外，还可有心脏传导系统和神经组织损伤，尤其心肌肌膜爆裂（ｓａｒｃｏｌｅｍｍａｂｕｒｓｔ）及相应的原纤维膨出畸形变可以作为心脏震荡性外伤的形态学指证。外伤性心肌梗塞和迟发性外伤性心脏破裂以突然发生在外伤后的一定间隔期为特征，应予特殊注意．     

实验性大鼠脑震荡后c-jun mRNA表达

目的观察实验性大鼠脑震荡后c-jun mRNA的表达变化规律。方法 55只实验大鼠随机分为脑震荡组（0min、15min、30min、60min、3h、6h、12h、24h、48h、96h）和对照组,用原位杂交法观察大鼠脑震荡后各时间点,大脑皮质、脑干和丘脑神经元c-jun mRNA表达的变化规律。结果对照组大鼠神经元和胶质细胞均可见c-jun mRNA的弱阳性表达。脑震荡组大鼠损伤后15min神经细胞观察到c-jun mRNA阳性表达,随损伤后经过时间的延长阳性表达逐渐增强;30min时c-jun mRNA阳性反应达高峰,随后逐渐降低,至96h时回落至对照组水平。结论 c-jun mRNA表达水平可成为诊断脑震荡和推断伤后经过时间的一项敏感指标。     

Impact of Myocardial Infarction and Abnormalities of Cardiac Conduction System on Sudden Cardiac DeathCSCD

Sudden cardiac death (SCD), most commonly seen in coronary heart disease, is a kind of sudden death caused by series of cardiac parameters, which usually combines with myocardial infarction. However, some SCDs (including early myocardial infarction) happen suddenly and cause death in a very short time. In these circumstances, typical morphological changes are lack in macroscopic or microscopic fields, which make such SCDs become the emphasis and difficulty in the present research. SCD caused by myocardial infarction and abnormalities of cardiac conduction system (CCS) is related to atherosclerosis of coronary artery closely. This paper reviews cardiac dysfunction caused by myocardial infarction and diseases of CCS from morphology and molecular biology, and explores potential relationship between them. This paper aims to provide clues to the mechanism of myocardial infarction related sudden death and possible assistance for forensic diagnosis of SCD. © 2017 by the Editorial Department of Journal of Forensic Medicine.     

电针心经、小肠经对急性心肌缺血大鼠心功能的影响

目的：观察电针心经、小肠经对急性心肌缺血大鼠心功能的影响。方法：采用静脉注射脑垂体后叶素,复制大鼠急性心肌缺血模型。电排针刺激心经“神门-通里”段或小肠经“养老-支正”段经脉主干,观察心功能的变化。结果：电针心经、小肠经能拮抗脑垂体后叶素所致的心率延缓作用,可显改善心功能,且以电针心经为。结论：电针心经、小肠经均对急性心肌缺血具有保护作用。     

Time-related changes in cardiac ct images of rabbits died from four kinds of execution

Objective To explore the feasibility and appropriate parameters for estimating postmortem interval (PMI) through time-related CT imaging into dynamically monitoring the cardiac changes of rabbits died from four kinds of execution. Methods The experimental rabbits were executed with four disposals of air embolism, strangulation, drowning and hemorrhagic shock. The dead rabbits were observed of their hearts with CT scanning every 6 hours within 120h from the death moment, having the obtained time-different CT images and mean CT values examined. With the cardiac average CT values of rabbits died from discrepant execution, four relevant regression equations were established against the elapsing time (i.e. PMI). Results The CT images of post-death cardiac tissue of rabbits died from one of four executions did change regularly with the PMI elongating, showing consistent with the autopsy verification. The binomial regressive equations were established between the post-death cardiac average CT value and PMI from four executions, demonstrating statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion The postmortem cardiac CT imaging into PMI analysis, plus the relating regression equation, provides a new objective visual quantitative approach and reference for forensic medicine to infer the time of death. © 2021, Editorial Office of Forensic Science and Technology. All rights reserved.     

Diagnostic value of post-mortem examination of the cardiac conduction system

Introduction (Aim)

Sudden unexplained death (SUD) is a common problem in forensic pathology. In many of these cases, the autopsy findings, toxicological examinations and patient history are inconclusive. Many studies suggest that in such cases, the cardiac conduction system (CCS) should be histologically examined. We decided to determine the diagnostic value of histological examination of the CCS.

Methods

We reviewed autopsy files from the period 2005–2007 and selected those cases in which the CCS had been sampled. These were divided into two groups, the first comprising cases with an obvious cardiac pathology (e.g. severe coronary disease, myocardial infarction, significant myocardial hypertrophy/dilatation, valvular disease, etc.) and the second comprising cases without obvious cardiac pathology (i.e. fatal injuries, intoxications and deaths unexplainable by routine procedures). The CCS was sampled according to a detailed protocol and examined under a light microscope. On the basis of the findings of histological examination of CCS, we formed subgroups of the aforementioned main groups.

Results

We analyzed 118 cases, of which 83 were males and 35 females. In 57% of cases, autopsy revealed gross pathological abnormalities of the heart. In 10 (15%) of them, examination of the CCS showed significant pathological changes (narrowing of the nodal artery and its branches, moderate to severe interstitial fibrosis, calcifications in the central fibrous body impinging upon CCS). In some, especially those with no acute findings, CCS disease can be considered to have been the cause of fatal arrhythmias. In 43% of cases, autopsy revealed no gross abnormalities of the heart, while histological examination of the CCS disclosed significant pathological changes in 4 (8%). Among them, CCS disease was regarded as the cause of death in one case and as a possible cause in another case.

Conclusion

As with other similar studies, our study showed that examination of the CCS can provide valuable information on the cause of death. We therefore consider that examination of the CCS should be performed in all SUD cases, especially those in which the cause of death cannot be established by routine procedures. Although we had only 1 confirmed cause of death linked to CCS disease and one possible, we had 14 cases with significant pathological CCS changes. This leads us to the conclusion that post-mortem examination of the CCS is of diagnostic value.