神经束内微电极记录家兔心电信号的实验研究

目的:采用神经束内微电极记录家兔心交感神经电信号,探讨不同状态下家兔心交感神经束内的电活动。方法:将特制铂铱合金微电极在16倍手术显微镜下植入心交感神经束内,用Biopac生物信号采集系统记录神经电信号,同时接入SKY-A4生物信号处理系统进行统计分析。比较正常状态下与心肌缺血时家兔心交感神经电信号的变化。结果:心交感神经电信号可持续记录,心肌缺血时心交感神经放电较正常时明显增强(P<0.01),微电极记录能很好反映神经束内电活动的变化。结论:神经束内微电极可稳定记录心交感神经电信号,能较好反映神经束内电活动的变化。     

实验性脑挫伤后神经元和星形胶质细胞反应的时间性变化

运用免疫组化技术，以神经元特异性烯酸酶（NSE）和胶质纤维酸性蛋白（GFAP）作为标记物，观察大鼠实验性脑挫伤后不同存活时间中神经元和星形胶质细胞的数量变化。结果发现，伤后3h可见NSE和GFAP染色变化，且随着存活时间延长，脑皮质内挫伤处周围神经元逐步减少，而星形胶质细胞则逐渐增加，具有一定的时间规律性。为脑挫伤后早期存活时间的推断提供了新的方法。     

心脏钠通道SCN5A基因突变与致心律失常性疾病

致心律失常性疾病患者死后尸检时心脏没有发现病理学异常的证据,过去都将其归为原因不明的猝死,近年研究显示,很多致心律失常性疾病与心脏钠通道基因(SCN5A)突变相关。本文对钠通道SCN5A基因的基本结构、SCN5A基因突变与几种相关的致心律失常性疾病的相关性等进行了综述,旨在为原因不明猝死的研究提供新思路。     

外伤性脑梗死的形态学观察

目的 观察外伤性脑梗死的形态学特点,并探讨其与脑挫伤的鉴别。方法 从81例重型颅脑损伤中选出15例符合继发性出血坏死标准的脑标本,另选15例脑挫伤标本作对照,两者均经福尔马林固定后分别作冠状、矢状及水平切面,用肉眼与光镜观察。结果 外伤性脑梗死常见于5个部位,即基底节(3例)、扣带回(2例)、对称性枕部楔叶回(2例)、枕颞外侧回(6例,5例合并有中脑桥脑出血)和枕回(2例);梗死均不在直接受力点或其对冲点,范围明确局限,呈楔形或类楔形,且与脑疲密切相关。镜下见梗死区高度淤血、出血及坏死;水肿,并有白细胞浸润和胶质细胞反应。大脑各叶的梗死,严重者累及全皮层与蛛网膜下腔,未见软脑膜破裂;神经细胞缺氧或缺血性病变明显。脑挫伤的案例,见受力点或对冲部位的皮质及皮质下髓质处出血,挫伤处脑回顶部的软脑膜多破裂,挫伤的脑组织可有挫烂。结论 外伤性脑梗死在法医学上习惯称为继发性出血坏死;它是由于脑疝和水肿压迫颅内血管而形成。外伤性脑梗死和脑挫伤,根据其与脑疝的关系、病变部位、软脑膜是否完整,以及其它组织学改变,二者不难鉴别。     

大鼠脑挫伤后脑组织β-APP表达与损伤时间的关系

目的观察大鼠实验性脑挫伤后不同时间内脑组织β淀粉样前体蛋白（β-APP）表达的变化,探讨β-APP与脑损伤经过时间的关系。方法参照Feeney’s法建立大鼠脑挫伤模型,在伤后1h,4h,12h,48h,72h,7d,14d,运用免疫组化SABC法和Westernblot法检测β-APP的表达,以非损伤组做对照。结果β-APP出现于损伤后1h,4h开始增加至12h达到高峰,随后阳性反应细胞逐渐减少,7d后仍有少量表达但仍高于对照组,14d后表达基本恢复至接近对照组水平,各实验组与对照组比较有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论β-APP在脑挫伤后随时间的变化,其表达呈现先逐渐增加后又减少的一定规律性变化。     

Impact of Myocardial Infarction and Abnormalities of Cardiac Conduction System on Sudden Cardiac DeathCSCD

Sudden cardiac death (SCD), most commonly seen in coronary heart disease, is a kind of sudden death caused by series of cardiac parameters, which usually combines with myocardial infarction. However, some SCDs (including early myocardial infarction) happen suddenly and cause death in a very short time. In these circumstances, typical morphological changes are lack in macroscopic or microscopic fields, which make such SCDs become the emphasis and difficulty in the present research. SCD caused by myocardial infarction and abnormalities of cardiac conduction system (CCS) is related to atherosclerosis of coronary artery closely. This paper reviews cardiac dysfunction caused by myocardial infarction and diseases of CCS from morphology and molecular biology, and explores potential relationship between them. This paper aims to provide clues to the mechanism of myocardial infarction related sudden death and possible assistance for forensic diagnosis of SCD. © 2017 by the Editorial Department of Journal of Forensic Medicine.     

电针心经、小肠经对急性心肌缺血大鼠心功能的影响

目的：观察电针心经、小肠经对急性心肌缺血大鼠心功能的影响。方法：采用静脉注射脑垂体后叶素,复制大鼠急性心肌缺血模型。电排针刺激心经“神门-通里”段或小肠经“养老-支正”段经脉主干,观察心功能的变化。结果：电针心经、小肠经能拮抗脑垂体后叶素所致的心率延缓作用,可显改善心功能,且以电针心经为。结论：电针心经、小肠经均对急性心肌缺血具有保护作用。     

Time-related changes in cardiac ct images of rabbits died from four kinds of execution

Objective To explore the feasibility and appropriate parameters for estimating postmortem interval (PMI) through time-related CT imaging into dynamically monitoring the cardiac changes of rabbits died from four kinds of execution. Methods The experimental rabbits were executed with four disposals of air embolism, strangulation, drowning and hemorrhagic shock. The dead rabbits were observed of their hearts with CT scanning every 6 hours within 120h from the death moment, having the obtained time-different CT images and mean CT values examined. With the cardiac average CT values of rabbits died from discrepant execution, four relevant regression equations were established against the elapsing time (i.e. PMI). Results The CT images of post-death cardiac tissue of rabbits died from one of four executions did change regularly with the PMI elongating, showing consistent with the autopsy verification. The binomial regressive equations were established between the post-death cardiac average CT value and PMI from four executions, demonstrating statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion The postmortem cardiac CT imaging into PMI analysis, plus the relating regression equation, provides a new objective visual quantitative approach and reference for forensic medicine to infer the time of death. © 2021, Editorial Office of Forensic Science and Technology. All rights reserved.     

Diagnostic value of post-mortem examination of the cardiac conduction system

Introduction (Aim)

Sudden unexplained death (SUD) is a common problem in forensic pathology. In many of these cases, the autopsy findings, toxicological examinations and patient history are inconclusive. Many studies suggest that in such cases, the cardiac conduction system (CCS) should be histologically examined. We decided to determine the diagnostic value of histological examination of the CCS.

Methods

We reviewed autopsy files from the period 2005–2007 and selected those cases in which the CCS had been sampled. These were divided into two groups, the first comprising cases with an obvious cardiac pathology (e.g. severe coronary disease, myocardial infarction, significant myocardial hypertrophy/dilatation, valvular disease, etc.) and the second comprising cases without obvious cardiac pathology (i.e. fatal injuries, intoxications and deaths unexplainable by routine procedures). The CCS was sampled according to a detailed protocol and examined under a light microscope. On the basis of the findings of histological examination of CCS, we formed subgroups of the aforementioned main groups.

Results

We analyzed 118 cases, of which 83 were males and 35 females. In 57% of cases, autopsy revealed gross pathological abnormalities of the heart. In 10 (15%) of them, examination of the CCS showed significant pathological changes (narrowing of the nodal artery and its branches, moderate to severe interstitial fibrosis, calcifications in the central fibrous body impinging upon CCS). In some, especially those with no acute findings, CCS disease can be considered to have been the cause of fatal arrhythmias. In 43% of cases, autopsy revealed no gross abnormalities of the heart, while histological examination of the CCS disclosed significant pathological changes in 4 (8%). Among them, CCS disease was regarded as the cause of death in one case and as a possible cause in another case.

Conclusion

As with other similar studies, our study showed that examination of the CCS can provide valuable information on the cause of death. We therefore consider that examination of the CCS should be performed in all SUD cases, especially those in which the cause of death cannot be established by routine procedures. Although we had only 1 confirmed cause of death linked to CCS disease and one possible, we had 14 cases with significant pathological CCS changes. This leads us to the conclusion that post-mortem examination of the CCS is of diagnostic value.     

复方真武冲剂治疗慢性心力衰竭30例

目的 观察复方真武冲剂治疗慢性心力衰竭（chronic heart failure, CHF）的临床疗效。方法 将60例CHF患者随机分为对照组和观察组,每组30例。对照组予以西医基础治疗,观察组在其基础上予以复方真武冲剂口服,1个月为1个疗程,共治疗3个月。观察并比较两组临床疗效,以及治疗前后中医证候积分、血浆脑利钠肽（brain natriuretic peptide, BNP)水平和左心室射血分数（left ventricular ejection fraction, LVEF）。结果 与治疗前比较,两组患者治疗后中医证候积分和血浆BNP水平显著降低（P<0.05）,LVEF水平均显著升高（P<0.05）;观察组在降低中医证候积分、血浆BNP水平和升高LVEF方面均明显优于对照组（P<0.05）;两组临床疗效比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),观察组临床疗效明显优于对照组。结论 在西医治疗基础上合用复方真武冲剂可提高CHF的临床疗效。