22号染色体4个STR基因座的遗传多态性及连锁关系

目的 研究22号染色体上4个STR在中国成都汉族群体的分布,开发新的STR应用于法医学应用。方法 103份汉族无血缘关系的个体血样,及10个三代家系采自成都。用PCR技术分别对4个STR基因座进行扩增,所有基因座均采用非变性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶不连续缓冲系统水平电泳进行分型,银染。应用Linkage软件包的CILINK软件对4个基因座进行连锁分析。结果 通过4个STR的群体遗传学分析,D22S686、D22S533、D22S685和D22S445的个人识别率分别为0.875、0.913、0.923和0.84,它们的非父排除率分别为0.522、0.538、0.624和0.490。在家系调查中,发现D22S685存在一例突变。结论 这4个STR具有很好的多态性,可作为法医学个人识别和亲权鉴定新的候选遗传标记。     

中国5个群体D20S85基因座的遗传多态性

目的 了解中国5个群体D20S85基因座的群体遗传学数据,比较它们之间的遗传学差异,探讨其在法医学应用中的意义。方法 分别收集5个群体622名无关个体的血样,Chelex-100快速抽提法或饱和酚/氯仿法抽提DNA;扩增后经PAGE垂直板电泳、银染,进行D20S85基因座分型。结果 在5个群体622名无关个体中,共检出9个等位基因,并首次在广东汉族和广西壮族群体中检出等位基因14;每个群体基因频率大于0.05的均为6个,D20S85*6为最常见等位基因。5个群体共观察到35种基因型,群体内基因型频率分布均符合Hardy-Weinberg氏平衡,各群体间基因型构成比无显著性差异。观察140次减数分裂未发现突变。各群体的期望杂合度为0.7720～0.7912;非父排除率,在三联体为0.7538～0.7594,二联体为0.3988～0.4297;个人识别率为0.9175～0,9272;多态信息含量为0.7442～0.7656。应用于亲子鉴定和个人识别案例,效果满意。结论 D20S85基因座是法医学应用价值较高的遗传标记系统。     

Casting Aside Clanking Medieval Chains: Prerogative,Statute and Article 50 after the EU Referendum

This article confronts the controversies surrounding Article 50 by analysing the relationship between statute and prerogative in the UK. The piece focuses on domestic constitutional issues and suggests a new way of classifying the relationship between statute and prerogative into two types falling under ‘the abeyance principle’ or ‘the frustration principle’. The abeyance principle means that where statute and prerogative overlap, the prerogative goes into abeyance. The frustration principle means that where statute and prerogative give rise to potential inconsistencies, but do not overlap, the prerogative cannot be used inconsistently with the intention of parliament as expressed in the relevant legislation. It then argues that Article 50 has the status of primary or ‘primary‐equivalent’ legislation which could justify applying the abeyance principle. This would mean that the trigger power would be exercised on statutory authority rather than through prerogative powers. If the courts are unable thus to construe the relevant legislation it argues EU law requires the courts to bridge the gap. Alternatively, if the abeyance principle is not applicable, it argues the frustration principle could apply but the circumstances in this litigation fall outside it. In the further alternative, EU law could require the frustration principle itself to be set aside in this case.     

汉语元语言系统研究的理论建构及应用价值

近年来的汉语词典学,词汇学,语义学和语言信息处理等领域的研究之所以难以出现重大突破,其表层原因在于尚未对现代汉语元语言系统展开深入研究,其深层原因在于没有对元语言的理论和方法进行创造性探索,从语言学立场出发探索元语言,势必形成逻辑学元语言和语言学元语言的分野。语言学的元语言是对象语的解释性符号系统,与之相对的对象语可以是语言系统,也可以是同一系统的部分语符,依据所处语言层面和应用功能,存在词汇元语言,释义元语言和语义元语言三种系统,以之为基础可进一步研究信息处理元语言和认知元语言,元语言系统研究就是“语言基因图谱分析工程”,只有完成了这一工程才能建立语义结构网络,“自然语言能力模拟工程”才有可能实现。     

云南大麻DNA的提取及检测初步研究

目的探讨云南大麻DNA的提取及检测方法。方法运用改进的SDS微量法提取大麻总DNA,对所得DNA进行PCR检测。结果用所筛选到的大麻引物检测了云南大麻的DNA遗传标记特征,图谱清晰,结果稳定。结论本方法能有效提取并检测大麻DNA,为实现大麻的品种鉴定、遗传多态性研究及来源追踪提供有价值的科学依据。     

Are Public-Led Arts Incubating Programs a Double-Edged Sword? A Case Study of the Arts Council Korea’s Performing Arts Grant Program

A nation’s cultural policy is derived from its political and governance history, and its past practices. Taking the genealogical traits of South Korean cultural policies into account, the authors examine the contributions and risks of a public-led arts incubator program. One of the Arts Council Korea’s grant programs in the arts-incubating structure was involved with a public funding scandal of political intervention during the grant review process. Consequently, questions were raised about the current bureaucratic system for cultural policy. This article discusses the legitimacy of state intervention in the arts, and analyzes the case with relevant collected documents and interviews.     

Civil Liberties and the Korean War

This article addresses the unsuccessful attempts to suppress free speech during the Korean War, and in particular explains the attempts to silence three reporters of alleged atrocities by United Nations forces. In the absence of carefully targeted legislation, the three individuals – Alan Winnington (a journalist), Monica Felton (a women's movement activist) and Jack Gaster (a solicitor) ‐ were threatened with or investigated for prosecution for treason or sedition, and Winnington was unable to renew his passport until 1968. Drawing heavily on archival sources (including MI5 files, which unusually fail to redact the identity of one of the lawyers who was reporting to Special Branch about Gaster's activities), the article explores the threat to civil liberties from the administrative as well as the legislative and the judicial power of the state. The article concludes by drawing contemporary parallels, and highlighting the continuing relevance of the writings of Winnington, Felton and Gaster.     

儒家法律传统与中华法系

儒家法律传统是中国古代社会农耕生产方式、宗法家庭组织、君主专制政体三合一基本特征的历史产物。先秦儒家法律传统以“礼治”、“德治”、“人治”等思想为其基本内容。西汉以后又不断充实完善，成为支配古代法律实践的正统价值观。     

论国际法视野下中医药知识产权的保护

我们对于传统中医药知识产权的保护多从私权出发,从而忽视了国家在这一领域内应起的作用。本文试图说明国家在中医药知识产权国际保护中的地位应该得到加强,并且在不违背其所承担的国际义务的前提下,可以通过强化其外部贸易政策来实现这一目的。     

2006：中国政府治道变革的进展回顾

2006年,中国政府提出建设"和谐社会",这个概念在治理意义上的核心内容是以人为本,协调发展;推进政府职能转变和管理创新,建设法治政府、责任政府、阳光政府、民主政府。从优先发展到平衡发展,是2006年中国政府治道变革方面取得的最大变化。2006年是改革开放以来中国治道变革进程中的重要一年,良好的治理不仅仅是一个理念和技术,也不仅仅是政府推动的改革运动,对于很多发达国家来说,善治早就有了良好的制度和文化的基础,需要的是在技术上的改善。而对中国来说,不仅仅要变革理念和技术,更重要的是需要从根本上奠定相关的制度基础以及文化基础,而制度以及文化基础的变化往往是长期的过程。