关系规模、地位获得与交往取向

本文考察了关系规模对于职业地位获得的影响,研究发现：求职者的关系越丰富,越能获得更高的职业地位;同事、同学、同乡、朋友比亲戚、邻居更有助于求职者获得理想的职业;求职者为了储备关系资源,希望通过扩大性的社会交往形成更大规模的关系网络。研究发现由中国社会的求职先求人的特定现实以及改革开放后的社会变迁引起的网络结构的分化所致。     

医疗损害证明责任分配规则研究

证明责任在医疗损害赔偿纠纷中发挥着风险分配的重要作用,我国近十年的立法充分利用证明责任分配规则来体现立法政策的转变。早期立法体现的证明责任倒置规则导致了大量的非合理性医疗行为,这在更大范围内损害患者的利益。《侵权责任法》矫正了这种倾向,《侵权责任法》根据各种具体情形,规定了更为详细的归责要件,相应地,证明责任分配规则也更加详细具体,较好地分配了医疗风险,平衡了医患双方的诉讼负担。     

社区网络与社区治安——关于北京社区治安状况的一个实证研究

文章从邻里交往、志愿精神及邻里互助等三个方面选取了“社区网络”的15个指标进行测量。研究结果表明,A社区的社区网络密度高,社区的治安状况好,社区成员对社区治安状况的评价也较好;B社区的社区网络密度低,社区的治安状况不佳,社区成员对社区治安状况的评价不好。     

Social Connection to Neighbors,Multiple Victimization,and Current Health Among Women Residing in High Crime Neighborhoods

This study assessed current health [physical health, bodily pain, global distress, posttraumatic stress-related disorder (PTSD) symptoms, and illicit substance use] among 160 minority women residing in high crime areas with varying numbers of different types of victimization histories and varying levels of social connections (SCs) to neighbors. Multivariate analyses of covariance indicated a main effect for number of different types of victimization and for SC to neighbors, after considering ethnicity, immigration, and marital status. Women with two or three+ different types of victimization reported higher global distress, PTSD symptoms, and illicit substance use than women with zero or one type of victimization. Likewise, women with low levels of SC to neighbors reported higher bodily pain than women with high levels of SCs to neighbors.     

论禁止不当联结原则的涵义法律地位与理论渊源

禁止不当联结原则是指在国家公权力的运作中,公权力的行使必须与公权力的目的保持合理正当的关联。该原则应定位为公法原则、宪法原则、行政法一般法律原则。在理论上该原则渊源于比例原则、合理性原则、禁止恣意原则、法治国与依法行政原则。     

西方新社会运动与新马克思主义

新马克思主义和新社会运动均为20世纪西方的独特现象。新马克思主义对新社会运动的发展起了决定性的作用。新社会运动的雏型———新左派运动是西方新马克思主义思潮的直接产物。新社会运动的大规模崛起深受新马克思主义后现代理论转折的影响。新社会运动的当代最新发展———反全球化运动也受到当代各种新马克思主义思潮的渗透。     

学统与道统反思:解构体制化学术——邓正来知识批判之二

围绕《反恩与批判:体制中的体制外》一书所开放出来的问题进行相关追问."关系性视角"的转换和调整,使邓正来对知识、知识制度及知识生产机器等结构性存在的洞察与批判达到了一个前所未有的深度,以及"共时性视角"的跟进审视和论证,也使邓氏的中国法律哲学的当下建构出现了一个完全崭新的高度,在由衷赞赏的同时也指出,邓氏在对学术结构性与法律结构性两个本具同质性存在的解构和批判上后者比之前者略逊.中国法律理想图景的建构也要落实在具体制度的建设上,而这首先要求制度理性的保证,即邓氏屡有提及的"建立一种新的思维方式"以及身体力行的学术制度与学术传统的重建.对魏敦友在解读和批判邓正来过程中提出的"重建道统"的主张与刘军宁借助本土思想资源建构自由主义而提出的"天道自由主义"观提出质疑并展开论辩.     

Does poor health cause political passivity even in a Scandinavian welfare state? Investigating the impact of self-rated health using Swedish panel data

Poor health is generally believed to cause political passivity. Prior studies that satisfactorily acknowledge the causality problems involved are mainly limited to considering turnout and the U.S.A., so we lack knowledge of how non-electoral participation is affected in other countries. This article considers Sweden, characterized by a generous welfare state and an extensive public health system. Using unique panel data, which allow more thorough analyses of causality, poor health was found to have a negative effect on voting but not on non-electoral participation. By primarily focusing on other countries than Sweden and the U.S.A., it is a task for future longitudinal research to show whether the belief that poor health lead to political passivity is incorrect—or whether Sweden is an exceptional case, due to the barriers to participation being particularly low there.     

遵约与国际制度的有效性:情投意合还是一厢情愿

20世纪90年代,国际关系学与国际法学开始走上了相互借鉴、学习的道路。国际关系学者和法学研究者在遵约研究方面具有共同的议程,遵约研究已经成为国际关系理论的重要方面。遵约被国际关系学界用来衡量制度的因果影响,具有一定的客观性。但是,遵约与国际制度有效性之间并不具有必然的联系,遵约是对制度因果关系的误读。此外,认识论、方法论上及分析层次、内生性问题上也对遵约研究提出了挑战。遵约研究对制度有效性的启示在于:应该慎重选择衡量结果的指标,从而准确评估制度对国家政策和行为的因果影响。     

Heuristics in causal reasoning and their influence on eyewitness testimony

Abstract

In two experiments the effect of knowledge of the seriousness of an event's outcome on the estimated strength of its causes was studied. In experiment 1 participants (n=87) were shown a video of a homeless man being evicted from a police station by a police officer, during which the evictee fell. One group of participants were told that the homeless man subsequently died; the other group was told that he was uninjured. Participants who thought the homeless man had died more often blamed the policeman for the man's fall. Estimations of the force of the push were not directly related to the outcome of the event, but rather to the attribution of blame, with those who blamed the officer giving higher estimates of the force of the push. In experiment 2, before watching a revised version of the video, the participants (n=88) were assigned to one of four groups. Groups A and B were told that the homeless man had died; groups C and D were told that he had survived. In an effort to counter interference of blame attribution, groups A and C were told that the officer was to blame for the man's fall, and groups B and D that the officer was not to blame. The manipulation of guilt was not successful, but this time a significant relation between event outcome and push force was found, with those who thought the homeless man had died giving higher estimates of the force of the push than those who thought that the man had survived. As in experiment 1, those who thought the homeless man had died more often blamed the policeman and those who blamed the policeman again gave higher estimates of the force of the push. It appears then that the more tragic the outcome of a violent incident, the more blame witnesses tend to attribute to the perpetrator, and the more they tend to overestimate the amount of violence involved.