Probabilistic genotyping of single cell replicates from complex DNA mixtures recovers higher contributor LRs than standard analysis

DNA mixtures are a common source of crime scene evidence and are often one of the more difficult sources of biological evidence to interpret. With the implementation of probabilistic genotyping (PG), mixture analysis has been revolutionized allowing previously unresolvable mixed profiles to be analyzed and probative genotype information from contributors to be recovered. However, due to allele overlap, artifacts, or low-level minor contributors, genotype information loss inevitably occurs. In order to reduce the potential loss of significant DNA information from donors in complex mixtures, an alternative approach is to physically separate individual cells from mixtures prior to performing DNA typing thus obtaining single source profiles from contributors. In the present work, a simplified micro-manipulation technique combined with enhanced single-cell DNA typing was used to collect one or few cells, referred to as direct single-cell subsampling (DSCS). Using this approach, single and 2-cell subsamples were collected from 2 to 6 person mixtures. Single-cell subsamples resulted in single source DNA profiles while the 2-cell subsamples returned either single source DNA profiles or new mini-mixtures that are less complex than the original mixture due to the presence of fewer contributors. PG (STRmix™) was implemented, after appropriate validation, to analyze the original bulk mixtures, single source cell subsamples, and the 2-cell mini mixture subsamples from the original 2–6-person mixtures. PG further allowed replicate analysis to be employed which, in many instances, resulted in a significant gain of genotype information such that the returned donor likelihood ratios (LRs) were comparable to that seen in their single source reference profiles (i.e., the reciprocal of their random match probabilities). In every mixture, the DSCS approach gave improved results for each donor compared to standard bulk mixture analysis. With the 5- and 6- person complex mixtures, DSCS recovered highly probative LRs (≥10²⁰) from donors that had returned non-probative LRs (<10³) by standard methods.     

手机信息在犯罪制图中的应用

在侦查实践中,犯罪制图借助空间坐标,探讨时空要素对于侦查破案可以起到辅助作用,手机信息具备独特的优势,成为犯罪制图的重要信息来源。具体来说,犯罪制图能够有效利用手机与通讯基站的对应关系,利用手机智能软件的拓展功能进行地理画像,发现、固定、抓捕犯罪嫌疑人,成为侦查工作的有效突破口。     

Corneal‐Smart Phone: A novel method to intelligently estimate postmortem interval

The changes of postmortem corneal opacity are often used to roughly estimate the postmortem interval (PMI) in forensic practice. The difficulty associated with this time estimate is the lack of objective means to rapidly quantify postmortem corneal changes in crime scenes. This study constructed a data analysis model of PMI estimation and implemented an intelligent analysis system for examining the sequential changes of postmortem corneal digital images, named Corneal‐Smart Phone, which can be used to quickly estimate PMI. The smart phone was used in combination with an attachment device that provided a darkroom environment and a steady light source to capture postmortem corneal images. By segmenting the corneal pupil region images, six color features, Red (R), Green (G), Blue (B), Hue (H), Saturation (S), Brightness (V) and four texture features Contrast (CON), Correlation (COR), Angular Second Moment (ASM), and Homogeneity (HOM), were extracted and correlated with PMI model. The results indicated that CON had the highest correlation with PMI (R² = 0.983). No intra/intersubject variation in CON values were observed (p > 0.05). With the increase in ambient temperature or the decrease in humidity, the CON values were increased. PMI prediction error was <3 h within 36 h postmortem and extended to about 6–8 h after 36 h postmortem. The correct classification rate of the blind test samples was 82%. Our study provides a method that combines postmortem corneal image acquisition and digital image analysis to enable users to quickly obtain PMI estimation.     

集中式警用移动数据中心的实现

利用基于AT指令的DTU，通过GPRS无线通信网络开发了集中式警用移动数据通信系统。在VB6．0下利用Mscomm控件设计了智能通信中心管理软件，可实现智能拨号、对来电号码的追踪、对来电历史记录的查询、对备案数据库以外的来电屏蔽、智能联网、对特密专线拨号以及对特密专线的限权修改等功能。     

手机文化对高校思想政治教育工作的影响及对策

当前,手机文化已经成为校园亚文化形态,在传播信息的同时也在潜移默化地影响着高校大学生的思想、行为与理念,逐渐成为了校园文化的主流。在当前深化文化体制改革的背景下,面对不同文化价值的冲击,高校则应坚守思想政治教育这一主阵地,全面避免手机文化的不良影响,并充分利用手机作为新载体将高校思想政治工作加以融合,以此增强高校思想政治工作的实效性。     

手机定位技术的应用与问题--以犯罪侦查为视角

随着3G网络时代的到来以及手机通讯技术的不断发展,手机定位技术得到不断的完善与发展。精确定位在侦查中以及紧急事件中的应用、“模糊定位”在社交网络中的应用既为我们带来了机遇与便捷,也隐藏着一定的问题。因此,以犯罪侦查学为视角,专题研究手机定位技术的应用以及在应用中存在的问题,提出相应的解决对策,对于预防手机定位技术在侦查和社交网络应用中的危害性很有必要。     

Changing the Conversation: Can the Phone Hacking Scandal Lead to a New Covenant on Media Responsibilities?

This article examines the implications of the 2011 phone hacking scandal for press freedom in the United Kingdom. Specifically, it argues that the language of rights has too long dominated public discourse, which has led to discussion of media responsibilities being evaded. The article argues that there is now an opportunity for a radical restructuring of the relationship between the press, the public, and the political system that restores the media to their rightful role as a watchdog on government and steward of the people. It points to the need for independent regulation of the press and a statutory right of reply as means through which the relationship between media and citizen can be recast on the grounds of obligation and responsibility but argues that it is only when we move away from a framework grounded in rights to one grounded in responsibilities that meaningful change can flourish.     

手机短信骚扰的法律思考

绝大部分手机用户都有被短信骚扰的经历,这种骚扰让人不堪忍受。短信骚扰属于违法行为,既违反了《消费者权益保护法》,也侵犯了公民的隐私权。为了保护手机用户的权益,应严格禁止群发短信广告,加强对个人资料的法律保护,明确短信骚扰的民事责任,理清举证责任。     

Establishing phone-pair co-usage by comparing mobility patterns

In forensic investigations it is often of value to establish whether two phones were used by the same person during a given time period. We present a method that uses time and location of cell tower registrations of mobile phones to assess the strength of evidence that any pair of phones were used by the same person. The method is transparent as it uses logistic regression to discriminate between the hypotheses of same and different user, and a standard kernel density estimation to quantify the weight of evidence in terms of a likelihood ratio. We further add to previous theoretical work by training and validating our method on real world data, paving the way for application in practice. The method shows good performance under different modeling choices and robustness under lower quantity or quality of data. We discuss practical usage in court.     

新藤黄酸对人胃癌SGC-7901细胞增殖抑制和诱导凋亡作用的研究

目的 观察不同浓度新藤黄酸（gambogenic acid,GNA）对人胃癌SGC-7901细胞增殖和凋亡的影响。方法 倒置光学显微镜下观察不同浓度GNA处理SGC-7901细胞24 h后细胞形态的变化;采用MTT法检测不同浓度（0.5、1.0、2.0、4.0、8.0、16.0、32.0 μmol/L）GNA处理24 h后人胃癌SGC-7901细胞活力的变化;Annexin Ⅴ-FITC/PI双染流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡率;Western blot检测凋亡相关蛋白p53和Caspase-9的表达水平。结果 MTT检测结果表明,GNA对人胃癌SGC-7901细胞的生长和增殖有抑制作用,并随着GNA浓度的增加细胞活力明显下降。流式细胞仪检测结果提示,GNA诱导人胃癌SGC-7901细胞凋亡,随着GNA浓度增加,凋亡率逐渐增加。Western blot表明p53和Caspase-9蛋白表达水平呈浓度依赖性升高。结论 GNA能诱导人胃癌SGC-7901细胞的凋亡。