An Ethics-based Climate Agreement for the South Pacific Region

The aim of this article is to describe a comprehensive regional climate agreement for the South Pacific region. This agreement would integrate the usual view of climate negotiations among the developed countries as the sharing of mitigation costs, with that of the Pacific Islands, which focuses on the disproportion between responsibility for, and the efforts of, adaptation to burdens imposed by climate impacts. The agreement, moreover, is grounded on sound principles of justice and criteria of equity which give greater legitimacy to it and can persuade parties with conflicting interests to cooperate more closely on collective actions. On the mitigation side, discussion of the initial allocation of endowments focuses on the criterion of differentiated equality, taking account of undeserved inequalities as suggested by Rawls’ theory of justice as fairness. Endowments are initially distributed according to a formula whose reference is equal per capita distribution corrected for the most striking unjustifiable inequalities. Possibly a sound benchmark for the just financing of adaptation activities is the criterion of differentiated historical responsibility, again backed by Rawls’s theory, while the allocation of adaptation resources can be based on the criterion of lack of functionings, as substantiated in Sen’s capability approach. In practical terms, it is possible to envision the creation of an adaptation fund where each single contribution is proportional to cumulative emissions net of undeserved inequalities, and which allows participation by poorer vulnerable countries proportionally to their levels of human development.

中华文化及其演变与传承

作为中国人,认同进而热爱本土文化,认同进而热爱国家与民族,是理所当然、无可选择的。对本土文化、对国家与民族的感情,来自对历史与文化的了解与理解。如果把中华文化比作多幕大戏而我们是观众的话,要看懂这场多幕大戏,我们就要知道剧目(中华、文化、中华文化等概念)、熟悉演员(主角与配角)、明了舞台(历史中国与现代中国的地理空间)、掌握剧情(中华文化的变与不变问题)、懂得道具(中华文化的象征),只有这样,我们才能感触、品味中华文化,从而真正地融入剧中。     

Cautious Surfers: The Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs Negotiates the Wave of the Information Age

Due to the ongoing information revolution, diplomats find themselves in an increasingly competitive information-intensive environment where they have to prove that they still are relevant and needed. The article explores this general development by detailing how the Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MFA) has related to the technological challenge. Drawing on personal interviews with MFA staff, study of MFA documents including reports from Norwegian embassies and delegations, as well as participant observation, reasons for the relative tardiness and path-dependence in implementing IT-supported organizational change at the MFA are explored.     

Vom Extremtyp zum Normalfall? Die schweizerische Konsensusdemokratie im Wandel: Eine Re‐Analyse von Lijpharts Studie für die Schweiz von 1997 bis 2007

Can Switzerland still be seen as an extreme case of federal consensus democracy, as illustrated by Arend Lijphart (1999)? A reanalysis of Lijphart's study of the Swiss political system from 1997 to 2007 clearly demonstrates that a consensus democracy has emerged that bears strong tendencies toward adjustment and normalization of the original exceptional Swiss case to the rest of the continental European consensus democracies. Switzerland can be considered a typical, rather than extreme, case of consensus democracy.     

气候变化的事实、影响及我国的对策

近一百年以来全球气候以“变”为主要特征,气候变化给人类带来的影响很多是负面的、灾难性的和不可逆转的,我们应当采取适当措施,以减缓其对人类社会,也包括对中国建设小康社会的一些不利影响。气候变化不仅仅是个自然科学问题,它与经济和社会的可持续发展、环境外交、政治乃至战争密切相关。2012年《气候变化公约》的谈判将是我国继入世谈判以后的又一次棘手的谈判。     

基本制度缺失与转型

转型的发展中国家,如何改变基本制度缺失状况,是转型经济学面对的重大课题。我国选择了非“华盛顿共识”的“局部渐进”方式,使市场经济新制度因素逐步产生与演化,使计划经济制度逐步淘汰与退缩最终被平稳替代。这一实践充实了转型的政治约束原理和渐进模式,为正在发展的演进一制度理论提供了经验知识,同时也提出了一些有待研究的新问题。     

刑事政策与刑罚结构分析

刑事政策虽然概念各不相同 ,但防卫犯罪始终是刑事政策的核心目标。刑事政策的研究是“历时性”的 ,因为它要探讨刑事政策在不同时期的发展变化。刑事政策对刑罚结构的调整有着重要的意义 ,刑事政策的变化直接影响着刑罚结构的变化 ,不同时期的刑事政策会有不同的刑罚结构。实现刑罚疏缓是历史发展的必然趋势。     

少数民族城市化进程中民族文化调适原则

随着少数民族地区工业化、城市化的推进,具有民族特色的传统文化不可避免地受到强大冲击,民族文化变迁已成必然。任何拒绝变迁的民族文化最终将会连其民族一道走向停滞、衰落、灭亡。正确分析城市化进程中引起民族文化变迁的多元化因素,选择适合的调适原则,不断地进行重新整合以适应现代化、城市化的进程。     

中国历代黄连属药材商品变迁

历代黄连属多种植物都曾作为黄连药用,在漫长的历史中形成了味连、宣黄连、雅连、峨嵋野连、云连等数种商品,目前黄连主流商品为味连。产量在黄连药材商品变迁过程中具有关键性作用,近年来由于栽培成功,味连成为黄连的主流商品。     

试析我国二元经济结构的固化与转化

城乡二元经济结构的存在,既是发展中国家普遍存在的现象,又是这些国家发展滞后的重要根源。目前这种城乡分割的二元经济结构在我国有进一步固化的迹象,正阻碍着经济社会的健康、协调和可持续发展。促使这种二元异质结构向一元同质的现代化结构转化,必须找出其转化刚性的根源,提出转化的对策。