Characterization of the variant allele 9.2 of Penta D locus

DNA profiles of forensic cases of Córdoba Province, Argentina, typed by PowerPlex 16 kit (Promega), have shown in the Penta D locus few samples with a variant allele migrating as an off ladder between alleles 9 and 10. In order to determine the molecular basis of the new variant allele, three samples were subject to polymerase chain reaction amplification of the Penta D locus by monoplex, and were further purified and sequenced. The sequence analysis revealed that the off ladder allele has ten repeats motifs AAAGA as allele 10, with three nucleotides (TAA) deletion in the 3' flanking region, 128 nucleotides after the last repeat. Therefore, the variant allele could be explained by a deletion of allele 10, and was designated 9.2. Mse I digestion assay allows to corroborate allele 9.2 without sequencing. A population study in Córdoba Province indicates that allele 9.2 of Penta D locus has a frequency of 0.0063.     

Developmental validation of a multiplex qPCR assay for assessing the quantity and quality of nuclear DNA in forensic samples

Forensic scientists are constantly searching for better, faster, and less expensive ways to increase the first-pass success rate of forensic sample analysis. Technological advances continue to increase the sensitivity of analysis methods to enable genotyping of samples containing minimal amounts of DNA, yet few tools are available that can simultaneously alert the analyst to both the presence of inhibition and level of degradation in samples prior to genotyping to allow analysts the opportunity to make appropriate modifications to their protocols and, consequently, to use less sample. Our laboratory developed a multiplex quantitative PCR assay that amplifies two human nuclear DNA target sequences of different length to assess DNA degradation and a third amplification target, a synthetic oligonucleotide internal PCR control (IPC), to allow for the assessment of PCR inhibition. We chose the two nuclear targets to provide quantity and fragment-length information relevant to the STR amplification targets commonly used for forensic genotyping. The long target (nuTH01, 170-190 bp) spans the TH01 STR locus and uses a FAM-labeled TaqMan probe for detection. The short nuclear target (nuCSF, 67 bp) is directed at the upstream flanking region of the CSF1PO STR locus and is detected using a VIC-labeled TaqManMGB probe. The IPC target sequence is detected using a NED-labeled TaqManMGB probe. The assay was validated on the Applied Biosystems 7500 Real-Time PCR system, which is optimized for NED detection. We report the results of a developmental validation in which the assay was rigorously tested, in accordance with the current SWGDAM guidelines, for precision, sensitivity, accuracy, reproducibility, species specificity, and stability.     

Optimisation and evaluation of 1,2-indanedione for use as a fingermark reagent and its application to real samples

1,2-indanedione is an emerging fingermark reagent used on porous surfaces. The general consensus is that this reagent is at least as sensitive as DFO, with some research showing higher sensitivity for 1,2-indanedione as opposed to DFO. However, a number of discrepancies existed in the literature as to which formulation and which development procedure produces optimal results. This project set out to investigate the best formulation and development procedure under Australian conditions, encompassing all published recommendations as well as some novel approaches. 1,2-indanedione formulations were compared with respect to initial colour, fluorescence, concentration of reagent, acetic acid concentration, and the effect of different carrier solvents. Numerous development conditions were investigated, including a conventional oven, a heat press and humidity. Further enhancement using metal salt treatment and liquid nitrogen was also evaluated. The heat press set at 165 degrees C for 10s proved to give the best initial colour and most intense luminescence. Secondary metal salt treatment improved initial colour and luminescence. The Polilight, the VSC 2000, and the Condor Chemical Imaging macroscope have been used to detect the fingerprints developed with 1,2-indanedione on a variety of high- and low-quality porous and semi-porous surfaces, with impressive results overall. Laboratory and field tests were conducted to compare 1,2-indanedione with DFO and ninhydrin as well as to investigate the position of 1,2-indanedione in the sequence of reagents for fingermark detection on porous surfaces. Overall, 1,2-indanedione proved to be a viable alternative to traditional methods for the detection of fingermarks on porous surfaces, with more fingermarks being developed using this reagent on real samples than both DFO and ninhydrin and a combination of the two reagents.     

Attributions in a Hypothetical Child Sexual Abuse Case: Roles of Abuse Type,Family Response and Respondent Gender

The present study examines the impact abuse type, family response, and respondent gender have on attributions of blame in a hypothetical child sexual abuse (CSA) case. Three hundred and ninety three respondents read a hypothetical CSA scenario describing the sexual assault of a 14 year old girl by a 25-year-old man and completed 14 attribution items. Overall, the assault was deemed more serious, the perpetrator more culpable, and the family less culpable when CSA involved (vaginal) penetration. Contrary to expectations, respondents were more negative towards a family who denied the abuse took place versus one which blamed or supported the victim. Finally, male respondents deemed the abuse to be less serious, were more negative towards the victim and their families, and more positive towards perpetrators than were female respondents. The role these factors play in CSA attributions, together with ideas for future research, are discussed.

妨害清算罪疑难问题探讨

本文就新刑法第 1 62条关于妨害清算罪的规定 ,依罪刑法定的原则 ,从犯罪构成的角度就该罪的立法以及司法适用上的几个主要问题进行了详细分析 ,阐明了完善该罪的立法建议 ,以切实保证该罪立法的刑法目的的实现。     

依靠和促进政府干预发展和谐劳动关系

政府在劳动关系调节中占据主导地位,是劳动关系和谐发展的重要保证和建立劳资自治制度的基本前提,政府应通过立法干预、决策干预、制度干预和行政干预,为发展和谐劳动关系提供法律保障、政策保障、机制保障和权力保障。     

论重大人群灾难事件中的名单管理

重大人群灾难事件发生后,其中所涉及的具体个人不应当简单地以数据的方式被表达。科学地、人性化地管理重大人群灾难事件的名单,把它作为评价处置重大人群灾难事件的绩效标准之一,不仅体现了公安工作的“为民服务”目的,同时也将切实提高重大人群灾难事件的管理水平和效率。     

HLA-A位点DNA分型及其法医学应用

应用聚合酶链反应0寡核苷酸探针（PCR－SSO）斑点杂交技术，对222名辽宁地区汉族人群无关个体进行HLA－A基因检测，研究中国辽宁地区汉族群体的HLA－A座位基因分布状况。共检出HLA－A等位基因24个，其中以等位基因HLA－A0201最为常见，频率为0．2635；依次是2402101和1101，等位基因频率分别为0．1847和0．1262.理论杂合度为87％，个人鉴别机率为92％，非父排除率为73．3％。在中国辽宁汉族中检出73种基因型，对观察值和期望值进行X2检验，符合Hardy－Weinberg平衡定律（x2＝6．28，df＝9，0．5＜P＜0．75）。家系分析结果表明按照孟德尔方式遗传。提出的中国辽宁汉族HLA－A等位基因的遗传基因情况，可用于法医学个人识别和亲子鉴定。人类学，HLA相关疾病，及器官移植研究。     

数码单反相机成像特点及数字图像的后期处理

数码单反相机具有成像色彩饱和度低、焦点不实、反差低三大特点，针对其特点应改变设置，妥善进行图像处理。