气相色谱-质谱联用法测定野生和栽培宁前胡中挥发油成分

目的 采用气相色谱-质谱联用法（gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, GC-MS）分析不同生长条件下宁前胡中挥发油成分,研究野生和栽培宁前胡挥发油成分含量及种类的区别。方法 以安徽省宁国市中溪镇野生和栽培宁前胡、宁国市万家乡镇栽培宁前胡、宁国市栽培宁前胡（统货）为样品,采用《中华人民共和国药典》一部甲法提取挥发油,GC-MS分析挥发油化学成分,归一化法计算各组分的相对含量。结果 宁国市中溪镇野生宁前胡总挥发油含量为98.58%,栽培宁前胡总挥发油含量为93.48%;万家乡栽培宁前胡总挥发油含量为99.50%;宁国市栽培宁前胡（统货）总挥发油含量为95.89%。宁前胡挥发油中共鉴定出78个成分,烯烃类为主要化学成分,不同生长条件下宁前胡中烯烃类含量分别为野生宁前胡65.26%,中溪镇栽培宁前胡89.88%,万家乡栽培宁前胡62.08%,栽培宁前胡（统货）66.11%;所有烯烃类成分中,α-蒎烯的含量均最高。结论 野生和栽培宁前胡中挥发油成分差异较大,可以通过闻“气”辨别野生前胡与栽培前胡。     

知母须根化学成分研究

目的 对知母（Anemarrhena asphodeloide Bunge.）的干燥须根进行化学成分研究。方法 采用硅胶柱色谱、Sephadex LH-20柱色谱及重结晶等手段进行分离纯化,运用波谱学方法鉴定化合物的结构。结果 从知母须根中分离得到15个化合物,分别鉴定为胡萝卜苷(1)、菝葜皂苷元(2)、芒果苷(3)、7-hydroxy-3-(4-methoxybenzyl)-chroman(4)、3′-hydroxy-4′-methoxy-4-dehydroxynyasol(5)、5, 7-dihydroxy-3-(4-methoxybenzyl)-chroman-4-one(6)、2,4′-dihydroxy-4-methoxy benzophenone(7)、1,3-Bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)pent-4-en-1-one(8)、(+)-syringaresinol(9)、ent-16, 17-dihydroxy-kauran-19-oic acid (10)、(+)-pinoresinol (11)、对羟基苯甲酸(12)、新芒果苷(13)、丁香酸 (14)、4′,6-dihydroxy-4-methoxy- benzophenone-2-O-(2″), 3-C-(1″)-1-desoxy-α-L-fructofuranoside (15)。结论 化合物5～11、14、15为首次从知母须根中分离得到。     

ZnS和ZnS:Cu无机紫外荧光材料的制备及其在汗潜手印显现中的应用

目的制备荧光强度高、客体适用性广、显现效果优良且合成方法简单的ZnS及ZnS:Cu无机紫外荧光材料,并将其用于汗潜手印的显现。方法通过一步溶液反应共沉淀法制备ZnS无机紫外荧光材料,并在ZnS材料中加入Cu^2+得到ZnS:Cu以改善荧光性质,将其应用于普通客体(白色捺印纸、载玻片、铁架台、乳白色花纹瓷砖表面、磨砂化学实验台面、不锈钢表面)和复杂客体(拼色花纹瓷砖、农夫山泉塑料标签和杂志封面铜版纸)上汗潜手印的显现,并与传统荧光粉末显现效果进行对比。结果ZnS材料具有荧光性,并且在ZnS材料中掺杂Cu^2+后得到的ZnS:Cu材料荧光强度增强,荧光光谱范围变广,稳定性提升。显现汗潜手印时,适用客体范围更广,并且可通过调节激发光的波长呈现不同的显现效果。结论通过在无机荧光材料ZnS中掺杂Cu^2+可改善材料的荧光范围,从而得到适用于不同客体上汗潜手印显现且效果更好的ZnS:Cu无机紫外荧光材料。     

Denial of pregnancy and neonaticide: A historical overview and case report

While denial of pregnancy and neonaticide are rare, they are potentially associated and share some risk factors. Neonaticide has been proposed as the extreme outcome of a denial of pregnancy. However, the process leading to such a possible outcome is not yet fully understood. The primary goal of this essay is to examine the various definitions and ambiguities surrounding the denial of pregnancy. The case of a young woman with a history of two denied pregnancies with diverse characteristics and outcomes, the latest of which resulted in neonaticide, is then reported and examined. A forensic psychiatric evaluation was also performed to reconstruct the woman's mental state at the time of the crime. The forensic pathological analysis of the newborn, abandoned near the sea while still alive, is described. The victim's body showed signs of shaken baby syndrome. We contend that differing levels of awareness during a denial of pregnancy might not be predictive of the potential delivery outcome in terms of threat to the newborn's survival, according to the forensic pathological and psychopathological data of the current case. Early identification of women affected by denial of pregnancy who pose a danger of committing infanticide is hampered by both intrinsic traits (dissimulation, unawareness, low propensity to seek assistance) and environmental factors (isolation, low socioeconomic level, poor education.). A previous history of denial of pregnancy should activate health and support services to reduce the potential risks for the mother and the child.     

Detection of microRNAs in DNA Extractions for Forensic Biological Source Identification

Molecular‐based approaches for biological source identification are of great interest in the forensic community because of a lack of sensitivity and specificity in current methods. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been considered due to their robust nature and tissue specificity; however, analysis requires a separate RNA extraction, requiring an additional step in the forensic analysis workflow. The purpose of this study was to evaluate miRNA detection in blood, semen, and saliva using DNA extraction methods commonly utilized for forensic casework. RT‐qPCR analysis revealed that the tested miRNAs were consistently detectable across most tested DNA extraction methods, but detection was significantly reduced compared to RNA extracts in some biological fluids. DNase treatment was not necessary to achieve miRNA‐specific results. A previously developed miRNA panel for forensic body fluid identification was evaluated using DNA extracts, and largely demonstrated concordance with results from samples deriving from RNA extracts of semen, blood, and saliva.     

Validation of the 4‐aminophenol color test for the differentiation of marijuana‐type and hemp‐type cannabis

The analysis of cannabis plant material submitted to seized‐drug laboratories was significantly affected by the signing of the Agricultural Improvement Act of 2018, which defined hemp and removed it from the definition of marijuana in the Controlled Substances Act. As a result, field law enforcement personnel and forensic laboratories now are in need of implementing new protocols that can distinguish between marijuana‐type and hemp‐type cannabis. Colorimetric tests provide a cost‐effective and efficient manner to presumptively identify materials prior to submission to a laboratory for analysis. This work presents the validation of the 4‐aminophenol (4‐AP) color test and demonstrates its utility for discriminating between marijuana‐type and hemp‐type cannabis (i.e., typification). Validation studies included the testing of numerous cannabinoid reference materials, household herbs, previously characterized cannabis plant samples, and real‐case samples. The 4‐AP test reliably produces a pink result when the level of Δ⁹‐tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is approximately three times lower than the level of cannabidiol (CBD). A blue result is generated when the level of THC is approximately three times higher than that of CBD. Inconclusive results are observed when the levels of THC and CBD are within a factor of three from each other, demonstrating the limitations of the test under those scenarios.     

Use of RGB values in the Periodic Acid-Schiff color test to determine the presence of vaginal fluid

This study demonstrates how RGB color values from microscopic smears stained with the Periodic Acid-Schiff reagent under standardized microscopy conditions can be used to indicate the presence of vaginal secretions. Based on data obtained in the study, a numeric threshold determined from the sum of separate values for red, blue and green was determined to differentiate vaginal-based samples with other body fluids. Using this threshold, 55 of 57 vaginal-based samples tested positive for the presence of vaginal secretion. Conversely, 27 of 29 smears prepared from other body fluids yielded negative results. However, when graphing RGB sum values against a calculated RGB integer no overlap in data was obtained between all vaginal-based samples and other body fluid samples, clearly differentiating them. One-way ANOVA testing with a 95% confidence interval indicated that vaginal samples from different age groups showed no difference in RGB sum values. Similarly, the location that vaginal swabs were collected (from the outside of a condom or a vaginal swab) also showed no statistical difference using one-way ANOVA at 95% confidence. Furthermore, refrigerated test swabs aged up to 15 months showed no demonstrable differences. Pair-wise t-testing using RGB sum values, however, did show significant differences between vaginal samples and all other body fluids tested. Finally, the method successfully differentiated between pre-and post-coital penile swabs and finger swabs taken before and after digital vaginal penetration in anecdotal comparisons using the method.     

Never late: Unwelcome desires and diasporas in Chavela Vargas’ last works

Theodor Adorno, and Edward Said after him, theorized late style as a discrepant musical orientation at odds with what is expected, desired, or current. Late work is musical work formulated by an older subject that refuses to retire quietly and with docility. While Adorno and Said discuss Classical-period music, the author is interested in engaging this concept in thinking about the recalcitrant rancheras and boleros of a lesbian, migrant, and aged musical performer of the early twenty-first century, Chavela Vargas (1919–2012). She examines a couple of Vargas’ last works, Cupaima (2006) and ¡Por mi |Culpa! (2010), paying particular attention to how her aesthetic choices continue to de-form the classic repertoire of rancheras and boleros. The entwining of beloved, familiar lyrics and melodies with details that recall invisible and hyper-visible subjects, namely migrants and indigenous communities, result in unexpected, repellent musicality. Inspired by feminist and queer theory, the author examines how her later body of work conveys an unbearable sonic assessment of contemporary struggles of those unwelcome, despised, and outside neo-liberal chronology.