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61.
随着依法治国和司法改革步伐的不断推进,我国服刑人员人权保障虽取得了长足进步,但仍有许多尚需改进和完善的地方。其中,性权利作为服刑人员所享有的一种自然权利,却因受社会意识观念和国家法律体制等因素的制约,造成其本应合法享有的性权利成为被剥夺自由权的"殉葬品"。通过对服刑人员性权利现状实证调查,制约服刑人员性权利保障的因素有文化、政治、经济和法制等因素,把基本人权这一理念贯彻到解决服刑人员性权利问题的行为中去,积极出台相关法律法规,不失为一较好的思路。 相似文献
62.
Margaret O’Dougherty Wright Emily Crawford Katherine Sebastian 《Journal of family violence》2007,22(7):597-608
Resolution of the trauma of childhood sexual abuse (CSA), and the current adjustment of 60 adult female CSA survivors were
explored through qualitative and quantitative analyses of their coping strategies, perceived benefits, and meaning-making
attempts. While the majority of the women (87%) perceived at least some benefit resulting from coping with the CSA experience,
many (29%) found it impossible to make any meaning of their trauma. Specific benefits that were associated with various aspects
of positive adjustment (marital satisfaction, better physical health, less isolation) included improved relationships with
others, religious or spiritual growth, and improved parenting skills. Some perceived benefits were actually associated with
a negative outcome. Increased knowledge of sexual abuse was associated with more isolation and lower marital satisfaction.
When positive meaning could be derived from the coping process, the women reported less isolation. Avoidant coping was strongly
associated with more depressive symptoms and poorer resolution of abuse issues. Results highlight the importance of considering
coping strategies and cognitive restructuring efforts in designing therapeutic interventions with this population.
Portions of this paper were presented at the annual meeting of the Midwest Psychological Association, May 2004, Chicago, IL. 相似文献
63.
Despite the call to address domestic violence along with child maltreatment, little information exists to guide services for
victimized women involved with child welfare. Research shows that victimized women contend with multiple problems stemming
from violent victimization. Unfortunately less is known about combinations of needs and resources among victimized women,
especially for those involved with child welfare. Through an examination of needs and resources among families with child
maltreatment and domestic violence, we aimed to help address this knowledge gap. Needs and resources among 1,229 victimized
caregivers were examined using the National Survey of Child and Adolescent Well-being (NSCAW). Using latent class analysis,
four distinct multivariate profiles of needs and resources among victimized caregivers were identified. Significant differences
were found among the profile groups in the family violence they experienced in the 18 months following child welfare investigations.
Based on these findings, we discuss implications for tailored practices to enhance the safety of victimized caregivers involved
with child welfare.
An earlier version of this paper was presented at the 9th Annual Conference of the Society for Social Work and Research, Miami,
Florida in January 2005. 相似文献
64.
In this study, we examined the role of dispositional optimism in mediating distress among students who experienced traumatic
events, including child physical abuse, emotional abuse, and sexual abuse. Participants included 199 undergraduate and graduate
students (aged 18–63 years) from a private university in Oregon. In this study, dispositional optimism partially mediated
distress among individuals who had experienced child physical abuse and child emotional abuse; participants with higher levels
of optimism had lower levels of distress. In addition, dispositional optimism fully mediated distress among individuals who
had experienced traumatic events such as rape, assault, and fire; participants with higher levels of optimism had lower levels
of distress. Contrary to prediction, the experience of child sexual abuse was not associated with distress. Clinical implications
of these results are addressed. 相似文献
65.
Kristjan Kask Ray Bull Indrek Heinla Graham Davies 《Journal of Police and Criminal Psychology》2007,22(2):77-83
This study examines whether or not using a person as a standard/comparison improves the ability of a child witness to provide
more accurate detail about a previously observed person. Study participants included 135 children who observed a male stranger
and were then later asked to describe and answer various questions about that person using a third-person standard/comparison.
Despite the fact that one-half of participants were exposed to a standard/comparison, neither participants’ gender or exposure
to the standard/comparison improved recollection outcomes. However, the gender of the standard/comparisons - especially where
female - did have a significant effect on the recall ability of male participants. 相似文献
66.
婚姻是对性的某种束缚,配偶权与性自主权之间存在固有的张力和冲突。平衡配偶权与个人性权利的关系,不仅要考虑到个体的自由,也需要捍卫婚姻的合理价值。为此,强化配偶间的忠实义务、同居义务的同时,对非婚性行为、婚外性行为适度宽容和规范,改革离婚法,以促进个体的性权利的实现。 相似文献
67.
Margot R. Challborn 《Citizenship Studies》2019,23(5):407-423
The idea of consummation as definitive of a marriage seems antiquated today. Yet, consummation operates as a central criterion in determinations of a ‘genuine marriage’ in Canadian immigration law. Drawing on the marriage and migration literature, theorizations of sexual citizenship, and critical multiculturalism, we explore recent judicial considerations of consummation in Canadian family sponsorship adjudications. We searched the CanLII database (a Canadian database of legislation and judicial records) for the keywords ‘non-consummation’ and ‘genuine marriage’ and identified 68 cases. Of these cases, three primary themes emerged: the use of consummation as a ‘technology of love’ – a requirement for assessing the authenticity of the spousal relationship and hence the worthiness of sponsorship; the discursive construction of sexual and gendered norms in expectations around marital intimacy, and the articulation of liberal tolerance and the cultural other in the assessments of genuine marriages among primarily racialized Canadians or permanent residents and their foreign spouses. We challenge these discursive narratives and conclude by arguing that instead of consummation as the basis for genuine marriage, the Law Commission of Canada’s ‘close personal relationship’ model is a better way to assess the ‘genuineness’ of relationships for determining Canadian citizenship. 相似文献
68.
《Science & justice》2022,62(3):288-309
Sex estimation standards are population specific however, we argue that machine learning techniques (ML) may enhance the biological sex determination on trans-population application. Linear discriminant analysis (LDA) versus nine ML including quadratic discriminant analysis (QDA), support vector machine (SVM), Decision Tree (DT), Gaussian process (GPC), Naïve Bayesian (NBC), K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN), Random Forest (RFM) and Adaptive boosting (Adaboost) were compared. The experiments involve two contemporary populations: Turkish (n = 300) and Egyptian populations (n = 100) for training and validation, respectively. Base models were calibrated using isotonic and sigmoid calibration schemes. Results were analyzed at posterior probabilities (pp) thresholds >0.95 and >0.80. At pp = 0.5, ML algorithms yielded comparable accuracies in the training (90% to 97%) and test sets (81% to 88%) which are not modified after employing the calibration techniques. At pp >0.95, the raw RFM, LDA, QDA, and SVM models have shown the best performance however, calibration techniques improved the performance of various classifier especially NBC and Adaboost. By contrast, the performance of GPC, KNN, QDA models worsened by calibration. RFM has shown the best performance among all models at both thresholds whereas LDA benefited the best from using both calibration methods at pp >0.80. Complex ML models are not necessarily achieving better performance metrics. LDA and QDA remain the fastest and simplest classifiers. We demonstrated the capability of enhancing sex estimation using ML on an independent population sample however, differences in the underlying probability distribution generated by models were detected which warranted more cautious application by forensic practitioners. 相似文献
69.
Leah Gaydos 《Family Court Review》2023,61(4):918-936
Child actors have consistently been treated as typical minority laborers, with all of their earnings legally belonging to their parents. After many child actors were left with scraps at the end of their minority, Coogan's law was enacted in California to require parents of child actors to withhold some of their earnings in a trust. However, almost a century after Coogan's law was passed, there are still many child actors left with nothing. This Note proposes to both enact further union regulations to protect child actors in every state, and also to raise the required amount withheld from fifteen percent (15%) to fifty percent (50%). 相似文献
70.
美国学者凯特·米利特(Kate Millet)在她的著作《性别政治》一书中第一次明确地提出了性别政治的概念。米利特指出两性关系是一种统治与被统治的关系,即男性统治女性。这种权力结构长期以来被视为是理所当然的。《克丽丝德蓓》是英国浪漫主义时期诗人柯尔律治的三部代表作之一,长期以来在学术研究方面较少得到关注。《克丽丝德蓓》与作者其他两部代表作最明显的差异在于把历经磨难的主人公设定为一位柔弱少女。本文试图从男性作者视角的天使与魔鬼,男性力量的操纵与拯救和男性心理的公平与偏见等方面,阐释柯尔律治《克丽丝德蓓》中体现出的性别政治。 相似文献