A middle power’s trade policy under U.S.-China FTA competition: South Korea’s double hedging FTA diplomacy

Existing studies on the roles and foreign policies of middle powers place too much focus on their security policies, while there is a dearth of scholarship on their trade policies. Middle powers have used free trade agreement (FTA) politics not only to obtain economic benefits through trade expansion, but also to achieve broader foreign policy goals. Given the U.S.-China FTA competition in East Asia, as a middle power, South Korea, has developed double hedging FTA diplomacy by supporting both powers’ FTA initiatives in order to avoid potential conflicts and maintain favourable relationships with both powers. Specifically, Korea has tried to maximize its national interest and, furthermore, to maintain regional stability by establishing two bilateral FTAs, the Korea-U.S. FTA and the Korea-China FTA, and by showing interest and participating in larger FTA discussions, such as the US-led Trans-Pacific Partnership and the China-led Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership.     

抓住西部大开发机遇 实现四川跨越式发展

西部大开发是四川加快发展的千载难逢的历史机遇。认清四川加快发展的目标,原则、重点及主要措施,对推动农村经济改革与发展具有重要意义。     

中国FTA战略对双边贸易依存度的影响研究

随着经济全球化不断地深入发展,区域经济一体化也正在加速发展,双边FTA不断在国家之间签署,以自由贸易区为主要形式的区域贸易安排不断出现。该文选取2002年-2017年中国和FTA协议国双边的贸易数据,运用PSM-DID模型分析中国签订FTA对双边贸易依存度的影响如何。研究结果发现:第一,签订FTA对中国和协议国双方的贸易依存度具有提升作用;第二,中国与不同发展程度、不同区域类型的国家签订FTA对双边贸易依存度的影响不同,与发达国家签订FTA对双边贸易依存度的提升作用比发展中国家作用明显,与周边国家签订FTA对双边贸易依存度的影响也更大。     

Let Them Eat Lunch: The Impact of Universal Free Meals on Student Performance

This paper investigates the impact of extending free school lunch to all students, regardless of income, on academic performance in New York City middle schools. Using a difference-in-differences design and unique longitudinal, student-level data, we derive credibly causal estimates of the impacts of “Universal Free Meals” (UFM) on test scores in English Language Arts (ELA) and mathematics, and participation in school lunch. We find UFM increases academic performance by as much as 0.083 standard deviations in math and 0.059 in ELA for non-poor students, with smaller, statistically significant effects of 0.032 and 0.027 standard deviations in math and ELA for poor students. Further, UFM increases participation in school lunch by roughly 11.0 percentage points for non-poor students and 5.4 percentage points for poor students. We then investigate the academic effects of school lunch participation per se, using UFM as an instrumental variable. Results indicate that increases in school lunch participation improve academic performance for both poor and non-poor students; an additional lunch every two weeks increases test scores by roughly 0.08 standard deviations in math and 0.07 standard deviations in ELA. Finally, we explore potential unintended consequences for student weight outcomes, finding no evidence that UFM increases the probability that students are obese or overweight. We also find no evidence of increases in average body mass index (BMI). Instead, we find some evidence that participation in school lunch improves weight outcomes for non-poor students. Results are robust to an array of alternative specifications and assumptions about the sample.     

中韩对朝经济合作探析

中国是朝鲜传统友好国家,长期以来经贸关系密切。韩国作为朝鲜"同民族兄弟"国家,近年来,对朝经济交流与合作日益增加,甚至出现了超过中国、成为朝鲜第一大贸易伙伴的趋势。中朝、韩朝双边经贸交流各有特点,并对朝鲜恢复经济建设发挥着重要作用,同时也因朝鲜半岛政治经济环境因素的影响而存在着一定的局限性。为克服这些局限性,中、韩、朝可以在物流、基础设施、直接投资及大图们江开发等领域加强三方共同合作,消除朝鲜的安全顾虑,帮助朝鲜融入国际社会,促进东北亚区域经济合作,实现"共赢"的目标。     

商法公法化属性的法理辨析

随着法律的逐渐完善,商法规范中引入了公法性质的法律规范。通过从市场经济的角度分析民法、商法、经济法三者的序列关系,从历史的角度分析美国私法领域中商法公法化的社会原因,以体系化的学理视角分析私法公法化环境下商法公法化的实质内涵,可以看出商法的私法属性是无法动摇的,商法的公法化是私法领域“再市场化”的立法体现,是商事活动的自我规制与国家经济行政干预规则相统一的技术措施,反映了社会发展的法律工具主义的需求。     

论中国投资者在东盟的投资保障

中国民间资本投资东盟,除了商业风险外,还可能遭遇政治风险,投资风险不同,保障形式和可选择的救济途径也不相同,在目前的法律框架下,如果中国民间资本向东盟国家投资遭受征收险,可选择向东道国索赔,也可选择向多边投资担保机构投保以转移风险损失。对于违约险。要视具体接受投资的东盟国家的国内立法是否承诺赔偿而定。     

破解西部民族地区教育与经济发展低水平均衡——以黔东南州为例

由于历史等方面原因,西部民族地区教育与经济发展长期处于低水平均衡状态,即“经济不发达——教育落后——人才匮乏——经济不发达”的恶性循环。破解这一低水平均衡陷阱,必须使“教育”成为内生变量并发生聚变,即坚持教育优先发展,提升教育对经济社会发展的功能性价值。强力支持西部民族地区优先发展教育,造就足够的人力资源,推动教育与经济发展达到更高层次的均衡水平,是统筹区域发展和实施西部大开发战略的重要内容,对西部民族地区发展具有“造血”意义。     

艾灸对关节炎大鼠抗炎消肿作用及细胞因子、自由基影响

目的：观察艾灸对佐剂性关节炎大鼠抗炎消肿的作用,探讨灸法治疗类风湿性关节炎的机制。方法：建立佐剂性关节炎大鼠模型,用特制小艾条悬灸。炎症肿胀度用跖围表示,采用放射免疫法和生化法测定血清中细胞因子（INF、IL－1、IL－2）和自由基一氧化氮（NO）的含量。结果：艾灸足三里、肾俞穴能消肿散瘀、减小跖围、预防或减轻大鼠多发性关节炎;能降低TNF、IL－1和NO含量,提高IL－2水平。除IL－1外,与模型组相比,上述指标差异显（P＜0．05）。两腧穴的治疗作用差异不大,与雷公藤多苷的治疗效果相近。非穴组艾灸作用不明显。结论：艾灸足三里、肾俞穴有抗炎消肿作用,其机制与灸疗降低促炎症细胞因子含量、纠正机体免疫紊乱及调整自由基代谢失衡等有关。     

论我国《商标法》中的诚实信用原则

作为"帝王条款"的诚实信用原则以其所负载的价值涵摄全部私法法域。诚信原则浸染在《商标法》中,存在着深刻的理论根据。诚实信用由道德转化为法律,其基本途径是通过两种方式来实现的:一是制定成具有弹性力的原则性规定;一是将其作为基本原则蕴涵在法律规范中,制定成可操作性的具体法律规范。通过后一种方式,《商标法》将诚实信用原则贯穿于其法律规范中。