抽象行政行为司法审查之实然状况与应然构造——兼论对行政规范性文件的司法监控

我国行政法学者和司法部门对抽象行政行为司法审查的关注多集中于其是否属于受案范围,一方面由于缺乏对法治国家司法审查制度的系统研究,致使对一些重要概念的认识错误在学界滋生;另一方面使得司法实践中未能切实解决涉及抽象行政行为诉讼案件的受理问题。各地法院针对涉抽象行政行为案件莫衷一是的作法,极大地破坏了法治统一,一定程度上也削弱了公民对司法的信仰。对规章以下的行政规范性文件进行司法审查有其正当性根据。     

公安院校大学生文化软实力培育初探

公安院校文化软实力．是指在公安院校环境中大学生通过有组织的学习活动、有意识的自我提高活动或潜移默化的熏陶而形成的一种以社会适应能力、职业核心能力、综合竞争力为主的世界观、价值观、人生观的稳定体系。其内涵可从社会、院校、个人三个层面进行分析。公安院校大学生文化软实力的培育,可通过校园文化建设、教育教学活动和社会实践活动等三大途径进行。     

Rational Choice Rewards and the Jihadist Suicide Bomber

Suicide terrorism is the most violent and horrifying form of terrorism in the world today. This kind of terrorism causes many fatalities and can throw an entire nation into a state of panic. We usually attribute this kind of terrorism to altruistic motivation, assuming that bombers are willing to sacrifice themselves for a higher cause. The current study uses the criminological theory of Rational Choice to analyze the motivation of jihadist suicide terrorism. By reviewing the religious, personal, and social incentives, we demonstrate that even those who kill themselves in suicide attacks, which are seemingly examples of irrational or altruistic behavior, do so while considering future, self-gratifying benefits. Since this self-destructive behavior is mostly driven not by altruistic motivation but by the anticipation of costs and benefits, we find that there is no fundamental difference between the perpetrators’ motivations and those of other criminals; both groups are committed to maximizing self-gratifying, beneficial behavior.     

公共选择理论对我国法治政府建设的启示

公共选择理论作为一种政治的经济学,其独特的内容对我国法治政府建设具有重要的启示。公共选择理论认为人都是"经济人,"其政治行为和经济行为都是为了追求效用最大化,政府在干预经济社会的过程中存在着失灵现象,政府的行为往往会受到利益集团寻租的影响,而一些官员为了自利也会创租和抽租。     

Political Efficacy und Wahlbeteiligung in Ost‐ und Westdeutschland

Es wird die Frage untersucht, ob in Ostdeutschland die Beteiligung an den Bundestagswahlen unter anderem deswegen geringer ist als in Westdeutschland, weil ostdeutsche Wähler weniger davon überzeugt sind, mittels der Beteiligung an politischen Wahlen persönlich die Politik beeinflussen zu können. Die empirischen Analysen erfolgen mit Querschnittdaten des ALLBUS 1998. Sie zeigen, dass sich die Einflusserwartungen in Ost und Westdeutschland nur zufällig voneinander unterscheiden. Daher können die Einflusserwartungen nicht das entscheidende Kriterium für die unterschiedlichen Wahlbeteiligungen sein. Von Bedeutung für die Stärke der Einflusserwartungen sind persönliche Überzeugungen über eigene politische Kompetenzen und Reaktivität des politischen Systems, deren Einflüsse bei den Ostdeutschen grösser sind als bei den Westdeutschen.     

Economics and Politics: Towards a Dialogue between Economics and Political Science

In this essay, I present a sceptical point of view with regard to the introduction of the economists' models in political science. Based on examples drawn from the field of political behavior and public opinion research, I discuss the lack of realism and the limitation of the theoretical scope of the models the political scientists are expected to import. My discussion has no pretension of being original. By spelling out the unattractive implications of the narrow assumptions of the economists' theory of action for a political scientist working empirically, it rather attempts to contribute to the clarification of some of the impediments to an improved dialogue between the practitioners of the two disciplines which have long been divided by the theoretical approach of neoclassical economics.     

经济全球化与公共行政发展的基本价值选择

经济全球化是今天各国经济、政治发展的重大背景,其影响之大不容忽视。但是由于各种因素的影响,今天的经济全球化现实还缺乏良好的透明度和平衡性,这对发展中国家来说带有极强的挑战性,公共行政也因此受到了重大的影响。官僚制作为传统公共行政的重要基石之一,随着信息化时代的来临正在经受世界行政改革大潮的挑战,效率问题再次成为世界公共行政改革的重要话语。在全球化进一步发展的今天,我们应该对追随西方、摒弃官僚制、实行效率优位,还是谨慎借鉴,吸纳官僚制,公平优位等基本价值的选择作出论断。     

国际私法的法典化进程

当我国正在紧锣密鼓地起草和制定国际私法法典时,借鉴先进的立法经验是必要的。总结已有的立法经验,在国际私法的立法过程中,需要把握好一些最为基本、最为重要的问题,其中,辨析传统与现代理论的发展趋向、坚持保护私人利益原则和实现法律适用的确定性、稳定性和可预测性、协调冲突正义和实质正义等对立价值、选取使用管辖权选择规则与内容或结果为导向的法律规则和如何保证法律选择争议的正当解决就是一些核心内容,这最终决定了立法的基本体系和具体内容。     

特朗普政府对朝核问题的危机管理及前景研判

2017年的朝核危机实质上是特朗普政府实施边缘政策而带来的一场危机,即,通过极限施压迫使朝鲜在战争和让步之间做出选择,以推动半岛无核化进程。然而,特朗普政府对朝核问题的危机管理因朝鲜的外交对冲、美国国内政治因素的制约以及国际合作的缺失使双方谈判陷入僵局,美国国内甚至出现是否会默认朝鲜有核的争论。若要真正推动朝鲜半岛无核化取得实质性进展,特朗普政府的现实方案仍是设定有限目标,并由联合国安理会制定可逆条款,约束美朝不信守承诺的行为,以国际社会的担保减少美朝互信缺失带来的消极影响,加快推进半岛无核化的和平进程。     

Sequential vote choice: Applying a consideration set model of heterogeneous decision processes

This article analyzes the relative effects of a classic set of long-term and short-term determinants of party choice by treating voters' decision processes as a two-stage heterogeneous process. Departing from a consideration set model of voting behavior (CSM), we use panel data collected in Sweden in 2014 to analyze which voters considered voting for more than one party. To evaluate the CSM approach we estimate the relative effects of long-term and short-term determinants, for different parts of the electorate and at different stages of the decision process.Results confirm that the choice process for the ‘considering kind’ of voters is influenced by another mix of long-term and short-determinants than stable and party identified voters. Findings suggest that continued analyses of multi-stage decision making may bring new insights into electoral behavior. We argue that the core ideas of CSM – the sequential decision-making process and heterogeneity in the impact of long-term and short-term determinants – are generally applicable for analyses of voting behavior.