Social and economic inclusion of people with disabilities: practical lessons from Bangladesh

People with disabilities remain one of the most excluded minorities, often deprived of the benefits of mainstream development programmes. This practical note reports on lessons learnt in delivering a programme combining a community based rehabilitation (CBR) and self-help group approach with disabled persons in rural Bangladesh. Our findings demonstrate how targeted programmes can bring about the social and economic inclusion of disabled persons. We also highlight the greater effectiveness of CBR programmes when targeting a more diverse client base, when not based on debt recovery, and how targeted programmes can even benefit the wider community.     

Benefits and challenges of micro-enterprise participation: women's cottage industry in Kaimosi,Kenya

This article investigates the perspectives of Kenyan women in the Kaimosi cottage industry regarding the benefits and challenges of producing craft commodities for the global marketplace. Utilising qualitative methods, the research provides an understanding of issues the women faced in producing and marketing goods and offers insights for NGOs into some pitfalls for the sustainability of micro-enterprises. The women asserted that participation in the micro-enterprise had improved their family's economic well-being, helped finance their children's education, and improved their community status. This supports the literature that has found that women's involvement in micro-enterprises reduces poverty and improves well-being.     

ABCD to CBT: asset-based community development's potential for community-based tourism

This article conceptualises the potential for a relationship between asset-based community development (ABCD) and community-based tourism (CBT), with a view to improving CBT's patchy record in delivering community development. ABCD has previously been used in international development and community work, but is new to tourism for development. Hence, the article seeks to relate ABCD's characteristics with CBT on a theoretical level, based on a shift away from ‘needs-driven’ development towards a conscious appreciation of community assets. The authors suggest that ABCD can, and should, be applied to CBT, given the positive emphasis it puts on people and their potential.     

Farmers,peanuts, and aflatoxins in Uganda: A gendered approach

This article describes a collaborative research for development project that used participatory methods to engage smallholder farmers in Uganda in post-harvest aflatoxin management. It is based primarily on qualitative research with peanut growers tracing ‘the path of the peanut’ through their hand-drawn maps and journal writing. By focusing on everyday life and including recipes and drawings, this research encouraged women's participation and emphasised women's roles. A unique partnership among universities, women's organisations, and farmers created an environment of mutual learning and produced a book documenting food preparation and other post-harvest practices as part of a study and capacity-building effort on peanuts and aflatoxins.     

Management not models: adaptability,responsiveness, and a few lessons from football

Despite a swathe of critiques of logframes and other blueprint approaches to development over the last 30 years, most aid infrastructure continues to concentrate on the design and subsequent implementation of closed models. This article does not propose an alternative to blueprints, but challenges the inflexibility of their implementation, which is inadequate given the complex nature of social change. It proposes a supplementary management and learning approach which enables implementers to be dynamic, adaptive, and responsive to problems and opportunities. Emphasising the role of donors, the paper presents a case study of one donor-led programme in Bangladesh doing just this.     

论民事责任能力

文章认为 ,在经由义务的社会 ,权利的社会后当代社会在法律学的眼中应当是一个责任的社会。在一个责任的社会中 ,任何民事主体都是具有抽象责任能力的 ,法律的后果必须有相应的承担 ,在具体的责任能力上则因主体的不同而呈现出完全或有无的特征 ;文章通过分析民事主体的人格三要素权利能力、行为能力和责任能力的独立性和非对称性 ,指出民事责任能力独立的可能性和必要性 ,提出建立符合实际的新的人格制度 :在具体的责任能力的判断标准上 ,通过民事责任本质和民事责任方式的实证分析 ,文章建议采取“客观说”,既是以责任主体的意思状况、行为能力和法律规定综合进行判断。     

论我国民事诉讼法修改的基本动因和思路

随着民事审判方式改革的深入 ,对我国民事诉讼法修改的研究 ,已经是摆在民事诉讼法学界面前的一个重要课题。建立适应社会主义市场经济需要的民事诉讼法律制度 ,是我国走向司法民主和政治文明的重大步骤。     

经验法则与接近正义--以民事诉讼为进路

经验法则是法官依照日常生活中所形成的反映事物之间内在必然联系的事理作为认定待征事实根据的有关法则.它包括从一般的生活常识到关于一定职业技术或科学专业上的法则.经验法则具有盖然性程度的差异性和内容上的无限性,法官运用经验法则可以发现事实和应用法律,创造善的规则体系,更好地实现接近正义.     

民法自助行为制度立法刍议--兼评我国《民法典(草案)》侵权编第23条

自助行为是民法中的一种私力救济手段,在性质上属于事实行为.它的实施条件是须为自助的目的,须因情势紧急来不及请求公力救济.它的实施原则是须依法定方式,须在必要的限度内.它的实施方式是扣留债务人财物,毁损债务人财物,扣留债务人人身,制止债务人对有义务容忍的行为进行抵抗.在实施自助行为后,行为人应立即申请有关国家机关处理.在错误实施自助行为的情形下,行为人应当承担过错的赔偿责任.     

政府雇员制实施中的悖论及改革取向

政府雇员制在我国一些地方的实施已经有一段时间了,尽管学界对这一制度褒贬不一,但文章认为鉴于我国具体国情,雇员制作为一套制度体系的存在不是我国政府引进雇员制的首要目的,关键是引入竞争理念,激活公务员制.文章先比照于公务员制来阐述雇员制实施过程中出现的悖论,然后提出雇员制应和公务员制相融合的发展取向.