国际冷战初期的一个地方热点 ——1945年至1950年间的中越边境跨国革命区

自1920年代起,东亚各国,特别是中国、朝鲜和越南的共产主义运动即互相交织并连成一片。东亚三国共产党之间的合作,促成了南北两个跨国革命区的形成,本文探讨的即是1945年至1950年间南方中越边境跨国革命区形成的条件、中越双方合作的方式,以及1950年前与1950年后中越同盟关系的区别。学术界对于1950年后的中越同盟关系已多有论述,但1950年前中共与印支共之间的合作则未引起同等重视。1950年前的中越跨国革命区值得探讨,一是因为这一时期的中越革命同盟关系实际上是第二次国共内战和第一次印支战争的延伸,也是这两场战争的连接点。这种联系突显了这两场战争的国际性,进一步证明第二次国共内战和第一次印支战争都是与冷战密切关联的热战,中越跨国革命区因此成为冷战初期的一个地方热点,并代表了国际冷战的一种地方形态;二是因为这一阶段两党之间的合作为1950年代至1970年代末期的中越关系奠定了基础。在国共内战期间,中共不仅得到了苏联共产党和朝鲜共产党的支持,也得到了印支共产党的援助,中共对于胡志明和越南革命运动的支持也是从印支战争爆发之日起即已开始,1950年后只是扩大了援助的范围,并提高了援助的规模和合作的级别。1950年前两党关系中发生的一些问题也将在1950年后重复出现并带来严重后果。     

对刑事附带民事诉讼中原告与被告资格的认定

刑事附带民事诉讼兼具刑事诉讼、民事诉讼的特征,这是认定刑事附带民事诉讼的原告和被告资格的基本前提。同时,考虑到民事赔偿的本质,对特殊主体应当具体分析其在案件中所处的情况,进而确定其诉讼地位。     

Vereine als Schulen des Vertrauens? Eine empirische Analyse zur Zivilgesellschaft in der Schweiz

In der Tradition von Alexis de Tocqueville wird zivilgesellschaftlichen Vereinigungen eine essentielle Bedeutung in der zwischenmenschlichen Vertrauensbildung zugeschrieben. Ziel des vorliegenden Beitrages ist es, den Zusammenhang zwischen Vereinsengagement und generalisiertem Vertrauen differenzierter zu betrachten und empirisch für die Schweiz zu untersuchen. Dabei werden sowohl das Engagement in verschiedenen Organisationstypen (brückenbildende vs. abgrenzende und isolierte vs. verbundene) als auch die vereinstypusunabhängige Integration miteinander verglichen. Empirische Analysen auf Basis aktueller Daten des Schweizer Freiwilligen‐Monitors 2007 kommen dabei zu dem Schluss, dass entgegen weitverbreiteter Meinung die Vertrauensentwicklung in der Schweiz weniger vom Engagement in spezifischen Vereinen abhängt, sondern vielmehr dem Ausmass der persönlichen Integrationsbereitschaft geschuldet ist. Von entscheidender Bedeutung für die Vertrauensentwicklung ist also nicht die Qualität der hier untersuchten einzelnen Vereinigungen, sondern die Quantität des persönlichen Engagements.     

Joan Miró's Black and Red Series: a political reading

This article calls into question the generally accepted view of Catalan artist Joan Miró as a painter of fantasy and dream, by focusing on the artist as socially and politically engaged. A political reading of his etchings the Black and Red Series (1938) situates them within the context of the Spanish Civil War. Informed by Claude Lefort's distinction between the political and politics, the political theme is shown to be mediated through the use of allegory (in the depiction of monstrous figures) and of formal procedures of artistic creation (surrealist automatism). Finally, the artistic gesture itself is interpreted as a political act of freedom.     

Can Lebanon Survive Future Earthquake Disasters by Relying on a Military Response Strategy?

Inefficient responses by civilian emergency organizations during crises have prompted Lebanese authorities to rely on the military for disaster response operations. Although understandable, this reliance might be insufficient to achieve desirable response efficiency. This article demonstrates that neither civilian emergency organizations nor military forces can unilaterally and efficiently handle the response to large-scale disasters, such as earthquakes, without a major restructuring of the current emergency response management. Therefore, this article describes the potential role of the integration of the military and Hezbollah in future response operations and proposes a model to improve the efficiency of future response operations.     

Vitalizing Democracy at the Grassroots: A Contribution of Post-War Women’s Movements in Japan

The purpose of this paper is to elucidate the socio-political significance of women’s collective activities in Japan. I attempt to demonstrate that the Japanese women’s movements act as a role of democratic agency through their commitment to social reform and to changes in the political status quo. In the first three sections, I give an overview of Japanese women’s movements from the early post-war period to the present day, categorizing them into three types: the elite-initiated, second-wave feminist, and non-feminist participatory. Subsequently, I discuss the confrontation and reconciliation between feminists and non-feminists. In the final section, I examine what role the women’s movements play in socio-political reforms in terms of civil society discourse, and I conclude that the diversity of Japanese women’s movements has contributed to strengthening democracy at the grassroots.

Reconsidering the Effects of Bonding Social Capital: A Closer Look at Black Civil Society Institutions in America

Few studies consider how Putnam’s bridging and bonding social capital arguments apply to voluntary associations within American minority group communities. Consequently, I examine African-American civic groups to explore Putnam’s claims about the potential negative political effects of bonding social capital. In contrast to the bonding social capital thesis, I argue that black communal associations encourage African-Americans to be involved in a variety of mainstream civic and political activities that reach beyond their own group interests. Using the 1993–1994 National Black Politics Study I demonstrate that although black organizations are predominantly composed of African-Americans and work to advance their interests, these goals are not pursued at the expense of connecting blacks to others in the general polity.

外来农民团伙性犯罪探析

外来农民团伙性侵财犯罪是近几年出现的一个新的犯罪苗头,其区域性、流窜性、专业性、职业化的特征值得引起重视。目前此类犯罪大有重化、高发的趋势,在一定程度上影响了社会的稳定和经济的发展。文章结合该类犯罪,联系近年来打掉的外来农民犯罪团伙,深入进行了剖析,从多个层面客观地审视新形势下社会管理和公安工作,力求为打击防范该类犯罪提供更多的借鉴和思考。     

近代大陆法系刑法理论及其影响

以贝卡利亚和费尔巴哈为代表的刑法学家的观点开创了大陆法系近代刑法的新思路,罪刑相适应、罪刑法定、刑罚人道主义等理念成为近代大陆法系刑法理论的代表。在这些理论指导下,法国、德国以及意大利等大陆法系国家开始了近代刑法典的制定,并由此确定了近、现代刑法典的模式。大陆法系刑法的理论与实践还对拉丁美洲、亚洲的一些国家产生了深远影响,推动了当今世界刑法的发展。     

论边沁犯罪补偿理论对刑事附带民事诉讼制度的借鉴

贯穿边沁著作始终的功利主义思想影响深远,其立法理论中提出的犯罪补偿理论对当今社会仍有现实的借鉴意义。我国的刑事附带民事诉讼制度存在诸多弊端,归根结底体现在作为犯罪被害人的权益难以通过此制度得到有效救济和恢复,许多被害人受犯罪侵害后终身处于贫困境地,身心极度痛苦,而我国又没有建立国家补偿制度。因此,在此背景下有必要借鉴边沁的理论,建立起补偿内容多元化、方式多样化的犯罪补偿机制,完善刑事附带民事诉讼制度。