试析青少年黑社会性质组织犯罪

近年来,青少年黑社会性质犯罪日益严重,对中国社会发展和青少年自身发展带来诸多不利影响,而其产生是社会多种因素以及青少年心理的、生理的各种复杂因素综合作用而形成的。重视和加强对青少年黑社会性质犯罪问题的预防和研究,不仅是关系到青少年一代健康成长的大事,而且是关系到国家、民族发展的大事。     

Juxtaposing handloom weaving and modernity: building theory through praxis

This article investigates the interaction between the processes of building development theory and development practice, arguing that theory must start with practice – and should not be top–down, starting with the ‘outside gaze’ of a supposedly detached academic or policy maker. The questions posed point to critiques of mainstream development narratives and notions of innovation through the diffusion of new technologies. The authors suggest that the assumptions embedded in mainstream development processes lead to unequal access to global and local markets, and that when they are imposed from the outside without a real understanding of the context, the development project is bound to fail. Parameters for assessing and evaluating outcomes also need to be based upon a close understanding of context – and this often comes through active involvement within it and not through being ‘detached’ and outside it. The assumption that an outside gaze is ‘objective’ is based in an implicitly colonial discourse, while building theory by being involved in the practice produces better methodologies for action and development.     

地方政府公共服务能力生长的动因分析

公务员权利救济是我国公务员制度的重要内容之一,由于受特别权力关系理论的影响,我国公务员权利救济多以行政性救济为主。由于行政性救济欠缺程序性规定,操作性不强,其实施效果并不理想。为了切实保障公务员权利,有必要从多方面对该制度加以完善。     

《民法通则》规定的民事责任——从物权法到民法典的规定

权利、义务、责任是法律的基石,法律的内容是在权利、义务、责任的基础上展开的,民法也不例外。我国《民法通则》关于民事责任的规定值得重视,物权法和未来的民法典应当继受《民法通则》创立的民事责任制度。未来我国民法典应当借鉴《德国民法典》和旧中国民国时期的民法典,设立物权编和债权编,但是不必规定物权请求权,可将物权请求权转变为侵权责任,规定在民法典的侵权责任编中。将物权请求权转变为侵权责任,不仅不会破坏物权与债权的科学体系,而且会使物权与债权的区分更加明晰,使债与责任的区分更加明晰。     

市民社会视野中的社区警务战略

市民社会的兴起是社区建设的重要特征,给新警务模式———社区警务带来了巨大影响。市　　民社会的兴起是提出社区警务的重要背景,是社区警务运行的现实基础,有效促进了社区警务工作的变　　革。     

信息公开与政治公议的合法化展开——一种关于“网络谣言”的宪政主义解读及解决思路

当下围绕着"公意主题事件"而生成的"网络谣言",多为公民基于参与公共政治的联动机制而形成的信息求索机制,属于公民权利的宪法机能形式。它在填补公民参与公共政治的信息赤字的同时,为建构良性的官民互动和公信机制提供了充分契机。伴随着互联网所建构的平面化信息交流机制的日益深入,以及开放、透明的公共信息机制需求在现代国家的民主政治建设中的作用日益凸显,制度设置必须提供更为开放和多元的信息交流机制,尤其是公民参与政治的公共信息获取路径。因此,需要阐明互联网上的信息生成和传递作为国民公共信息获取程式的必要性,澄清政治公议的宪法化展开逻辑,为"网络谣言"所犯政法禁忌解套,实现借助互联网有别于官方话语系统的政治公议的常态化和合法化,并最终寻求其正当性的法理根基。     

Co-producing a post-trafficking agenda: collaborating on transforming citizenship in Nepal

This article discusses how a new agenda on post-trafficking is gaining momentum through academic and activist anti-trafficking collaborations focused on co-producing knowledge with women who have returned from trafficking situations. Co-production of this nature is important as the issues raised by post-trafficking scenarios are largely ignored in anti-trafficking strategies, and the stigmatisation and poverty which women in these circumstances encounter means they rarely have a voice in policy-making. Drawing on research in Nepal, we present four types of co-produced data around transforming citizenship post-trafficking, and reflect on the strategies for generating and using them for advocacy purposes.     

A cooperative Peru: Is centralisation of cooperatives better for local development?

Research shows that some agricultural cooperatives implement development projects in their local communities. What remains to be explained is why certain cooperatives pursue local development while others do not. Through a comparison of coffee cooperatives in two regions of Peru, this study examines the implications of a regional cooperative for local development. The creation of a regional cooperative leads to a concentration of resources and a decrease in the need and ability of local cooperatives to pursue independent development projects. At the same time, it allows for more equal access to those resources and to the benefits of cooperative-led development projects.     

A no-displacement option? Rights,risks and negotiated settlement in development displacement

“Voluntary” land transfer agreements, negotiated directly between “willing buyers and willing sellers”, present a seemingly empowering alternative to the use of legal instruments for land acquisition or transfer which entail forced displacement. Yet asymmetrical bargaining power between the negotiating parties can undermine the fairness of negotiated outcomes and the right of the sellers to a “no-displacement” option. Viewed against a complex background of bourgeoning land transfers in multiple sites, this article examines rights-based and risks-based approaches to negotiated settlements, concluding that measures to address asymmetries in bargaining power must look beyond enhanced negotiation procedures to address underlying social and political dimensions.     

The origins of international child sponsorship

International child sponsorship typically involves the pairing of an individual, identifiable child, or young adult in a developing country with an individual donor or sponsor in a relatively wealthy country. Regular payments by sponsors, accompanied by the exchange of personal information, characterise a fundraising phenomenon which currently links sponsors to more than eight million children globally. Although child sponsorship underpins a multi-billion dollar flow of funds to developing countries, its origins have become obscured by the passing of time, to the point where many international NGOs utilising it as a fundraising mechanism are unaware of the aims and context of its early use. This article argues that the pairing of individual children with international donors was initiated by the UK-based Save the Children Fund and the Society of Friends Relief Mission in post-First World War Austria in 1919. Unlike the long-term support that would characterise later programmes, early sponsorship funded the short-term assistance of children and avoided the creation of dependency.