论科学证据的三大基本理论问题

科学证据可以定义为运用具有可检验特征的普遍定理、规律和原理,解释案件事实构成的变化发展及其内在联系的专家意见,其主要理由在于可以科学原理在科学证据生成过程中所起的作用与功能,将科学证据分为"科学描述型"与"科学检验型"两类,"科学描述型"不是典型意义上的科学证据。从定位来看,科学证据应属于言词证据、间接证据。可以按照不同的标准对科学证据进行分类,以此加深对科学证据的认识。     

关于证据科学的思考

本文探讨了证据科学的要素。本文认为，证据科学必须是多学科的，或者整合性的。如果我们分享彼此基于证据的推理方面的思想和经验，我们都会受益于稳固确立的证据科学。     

如何充分利用图书馆撰写毕业论文

撰写毕业论文,是每个即将毕业的大学生十分重要的必修课之一,要写出高质量的毕业论文必须要善于利用图 书馆。要熟悉图书馆;要善于借助各类“索引”、“文摘”及时找到理想的书目和杂志;要善于利用参考工具书;要学会利 用计算机检索。     

Validation of an Abbreviated Version of the Structured Interview of Reported Symptoms in Outpatient Psychiatric and Community Settings

This study examined the effectiveness of an abbreviated version of the Structured Interview of Reported Symptoms (SIRS-A) in identifying malingered mental illness. The SIRS-A is comprised of 69 items drawn from the SIRS (R. Rogers et al. 1992, SIRS: Structured Interview of Reported Symptoms: Professional Manual. Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources, Inc.), substantially reducing the administration time. A simulation design was used with three samples; 87 psychiatric outpatients who responded honestly were compared to 29 community-dwelling adults and 24 psychiatric patients instructed to malinger psychopathology. The SIRS-A generated sensitivity comparable to or exceeding that of the SIRS normative data, but specificity was poorer; many genuinely impaired patients were misclassified as malingering. Although these findings suggest the SIRS-A may be an effective means to assess malingering in psychiatric populations, further research assessing the reasons for the elevated false positive rates is necessary.     

生活垃圾强制分类是否可行?--基于政策工具视角的案例研究

生活垃圾强制分类已在上海正式实施,但强制分类是否可行以及其可行性受哪些条件的制约等问题还需要进行深入的理论探讨。在政策工具的理论视角下,使用政策网络的研究途径,在借鉴国内外已有学术观点的基础上结合"垃圾分类"这一特定主题可概括出本文的分析框架:强制性工具在垃圾分类中的适用性由地方政府和政策网络两组变量决定,其中前者包括地方政府能力和政策营销两部分,后者则由网络规模、网络的开放度、权力关系、凝聚性和连接性等五个具体变量组成。通过对江西省东阳乡和我国台湾地区台北市两地的垃圾分类案例进行研究可以发现:地方政府能力是"强制"的先决条件;地方政府能力强且政策网络适宜时可适用"强制";地方政府能力强但政策网络不适宜时,通过良好的政策营销可以减少来自政策网络的阻力,进而使"强制分类"可行。除本文探讨的主题外,社会治理与垃圾强制分类、差异化的操作模式以及如何通过政策营销重塑政策网络等问题都值得做更进一步的研究。     

Will Inflation Increase Crime Rate? New Evidence from Bounds and Modified Wald Tests

This paper employs the modified Wald (MWALD) causality test to re-examine the relationship between crime and its determinants (inflation and unemployment) in the United States from 1960 to 2005. Bounds test approach is employed to investigate the existence of a long-run relationship. The empirical evidence suggests that inflation and crime rates are cointegrated with a positive relationship. Moreover, the causal link is from inflation and unemployment to crime.     

Examining the Incidence of and Time to Recidivism Within the Risk Contingency Framework: A 20-Year Follow up Study

This study examined the extent to which the contingencies risk framework (consisting of dispositional, historical, contextual, and clinical domains) predicted detected recidivism (i.e., arrest or conviction). Secondary data were extracted on 413 prisoners who underwent a psychiatric evaluation, were assessed on the risk domains, and followed up over 20 years. There were 273 (66.1%) cases of recidivism for serious offenses (e.g., assaults). Criminal career outcomes examined included: years to and the incidence of recidivism. Statistics showed that chance classification of the incidence of recidivism was 21% more accurate for the recursive partitioning than the bilinear model. These results are consistent with the contingencies risk framework, support its use over linear models, and highlight its predictive utility.     

Islamic political parties and the nature of politics in Pakistan

The ‘war on terror’ has not only increased the operation and significance of Islamic parties but also intensified suspicion against them. The lack of comprehensive theoretical research about Islamic parties has further contributed to misunderstanding of their nature and politics. This article theorizes and classifies Islamic parties, especially of Pakistan, and explores their origin, development and nature. The conventional theories of party origin and traditional classifications of political parties are shown to have limited validity in the case of Islamic parties. Rather, the origin and development of Islamic parties is explored through the theoretical construct of historical crisis situation theory, consisting of four crisis situations. Moreover, a new typology of Islamic parties is developed and the Islamic parties are classified on the basis of six variables into three parties: clerical, conservative and Islamist. The exploration of the role of Islamic parties in Pakistan shows that party variables are not only essential to understand their proper nature but also critical to comprehend their politics. Though unanimously categorized as ‘Islamic’, their politics significantly differ and Pakistan provides a typical case to show the heterogeneous Islamic politics of Islamic parties.     

我国犯罪分类研究——简评持有型犯罪的犯罪分类

我国现有的犯罪分类是依据行为充足犯罪的观念形象进行划分的,无法准确识别犯罪及犯罪的性质.我国刑法的犯罪分类应立足于我国犯罪构成体系,以危害行为充足犯罪观念形象时侵害法益的样态为标准进行划分.持有型犯罪属于行为犯.     

Between Michel Foucault and Erving Goffman: between discourse in the abstract and face-to-face interaction

Michel Foucault's ‘archaeology’ and Erving Goffman's interpersonal sociology are complementary. Both are essential for understanding how classifications of people interact with the people classified, and hence for the author's studies of ‘making up people’. The paper begins by explaining how that project is rooted in an ‘existentialist’ conception of the person. It then uses Goffman's Asylums and Foucault's Folie et déraison - both published in 1961 - to illustrate how these methodologies reinforce each other.