论IMF与WTO在国际收支平衡问题上的分工合作关系

由于外汇措施和贸易措施具有交叉性质,IMF与WTO在实践中形成了以技术方法来确定IMF在国际收支平衡问题上管辖权的传统。在外汇问题上,WTO必须向IMF磋商,IMF对于国际收支平衡例外的磋商具有评估的性质,而对于外汇措施是否符合IMF协定所做出的决定则构成法律裁决。印度国际收支平衡案专家组将与IMF磋商看作可以自由裁量的内容值得商榷。西方国家因国际收支逆差而欲抛开IMF而取WTO争端解决机制来解决人民币汇率问题是行不通的。     

人体皮肤索沟局部肥大细胞脱颗粒率的观察

本文观察人体皮肤索沟局部肥大细胞脱颗粒率变化。发现生前皮肤损伤局部脱颗粒率在皮肤受在处及距受压边缘０～１．０ｍｍ区域明显升高（＞４９％），与死后皮肤索沟有显著差异（Ｐ＜０．００１）。作者认为损伤局部肥大细胞脱颗粒率明显升高（＞４９％）可作为人体生前索沟的诊断依据。     

电针对大鼠胃缺血再灌注损伤后胃局部血流量的影响

T''he purpose of this study is to observe the effects of electro-acupuncture on the gastric ischemia-reperfusion injury. As an index of the injury, local gastric blood flow ( LGBF ) was measured with the method of hydrogen clearance. The gastric ischemia-reperfusion injury was caused by occluding ( 15 min ) and reopening the Gastrica Sinistra in rats. The results showed. The simultaneous electroacupuncture on the points "Zusanli" with reperfusion notably increased LGBF at both 5minand20min after reperfusing. These facts suggest that electroacupuncture probably protect tissues from ischemia-reperfusion injury.     

Trends of Marxian Ratios in South Korea, 1980–2014

ABSTRACT

This article explores the dynamics and contradictions of capital accumulation in South Korea from 1980 to 2014 by analysing the rates of surplus value and profit and criticises two theses of financialisation and income-led growth. The rate of surplus value soared after 2000 because the real wage growth was contained by the neo-liberal onslaught against workers. The profit rate consistently declined after 1987, paving the way for the 1997 crisis and its main driver was the rising organic composition of capital. After the 1997 crisis, the profit rate rebounded for six years thanks to the intensified exploitation of workers. From 2002 until the 2008 global financial crisis, the rate of profit dropped again. However, contrary to the financialisation thesis, there has been no substantial transfer of surplus value from the real sector to the financial sector. Our results also show that the accumulation rate determined income distribution, not vice versa, contradicting the income-led growth strategy, now popular among the Korean progressives. Marxian macro-dynamics is operating as usual in Korea.     

The Unexpected Effects of No Pass,No Drive Policies on High School Education

Since 1988, 27 states have introduced No Pass, No Drive laws, which tie a teenager's ability to receive and maintain a driver's license to various school-related outcomes—most commonly, enrollment and attendance. Enrollment-Based No Pass, No Drive policies, in 21 states, target both enrollment and attendance, and have negligible effects on dropout rates. However, these policies decrease the Averaged Freshman Graduation Rate (AFGR) by between 1 and 1.7 percentage points. This lower graduation rate stems from students delaying their dropout decision by up to two years. As a result, these students are retained in the ninth and tenth grades, increasing 9th-grade enrollment by 3.6 percent relative to 8th-grade enrollment the year prior; this causes an artificial reduction in the graduation rate, rather than a reduction in the true likelihood that a student will graduate. Truancy-Based No Pass, No Drive policies, in five states, target only attendance—teens that fail to meet a minimum attendance requirement lose their driver's license. However, these policies allow students to drop out of school without facing this penalty. These policies increase the annual dropout rate by between 23 and 34 percent (1 to 1.6 percentage points).     

人民币汇率与国际石油价格协整分析

自我国汇率制度改革实施以来,人民币汇率的走势受到国内外的广泛关注,而同一时期的另一热点问题是国际石油价格的剧烈波动.从理论角度分析,这两个经济变量并不是相互独立的,国际石油价格对人民币汇率的影响主要是通过国际收支渠道和国内经济渠道,国际石油价格变动将引起人民币汇率反方向变动;而人民币汇率对国际石油价格的影响主要是通过国际石油贸易途径,但影响并不显著.运用ECM模型对人民币汇率和国际石油价格数据进行实证分析,得到两者之间的一个长期均衡关系,而通过因果关系检验,证明人民币汇率和国际石油价格之间存在的是单向因果关系,国际石油价格变动将引起人民币汇率的同方向变动,与理论分析结论相反;而人民币汇率对国际石油价格的影响不显著,与理论分析结论一致.     

Trends in Assault: On the Relationship between the Assault Rate and Selected Social Indicators in Post-War Finland

This article examines to what extent different social indicators can explain statistically the development or changes in the volume of assaults. First, the development of recorded assault criminality in Finland during the time period 1950-2000 is examined. By comparison with victim surveys it is concluded that the longterm increase of recorded assaults reflects partly the real development but is also partly a result of the increased rate of detection of violence. The urbanization of Finnish society is perhaps the key factor behind this development. It has inevitably increased factual physical opportunities for different kinds of violent encounters but at the same time also the probability that such incidents are registered. As factors that could potentially explain shortterm variation in the assault rate, selected social indicators such as alcohol consumption, rate of immigration and unemployment are examined. To guard against spurious relationships due to highly influential or outlying data points, a robust method of estimation of the regression model - the least median of squares - is also used. Of the indicators examined, consumption, private consumers' expenditure and the clearance rate of assaults have the best explanatory power. However, although the relationship of these indicators with annual changes alcohol in the assault rate is statistically significant, there should be no illusion about the ability to predict the future development of assault rate with precision using such social indicators. It is stressed that the assault rate is also determined by qualitative factors connected with opportunities for crimes and criminal motivation that can hardly be compressed into statistical timeseries or subjected to quantitative measurement.     

中国失业：特征与对策

近年来,我国的失业问题日益凸现并构成对我国经济发展和社会稳定的尖锐挑战。我国当前失业具有城镇失业人口创历史新高,总量矛盾、结构矛盾与素质矛盾并存,“需求瓶颈”、“体制瓶颈”与“观念瓶颈”并存,隐性失业与隐性就业并存,经济高增长与城镇高失业并存等五大特征。缓解我国不断增长的就业压力,从根本上说来应实施经济发展与扩大就业并举的新战略和更为积极的就业政策。     

单位受贿罪司法运作的实践考察

单位受贿罪司法运作的主要特征表现为：对自然人被告的处罚极轻,平均刑期仅为0.497年,免予刑事处罚判决率高达62.3%;改判率较高,达16.4%;罚金刑的适用不统一。从立法上,要实现精准配刑,并且需要考虑将资格刑引入对单位受贿罪处罚的刑罚体系中,以弥补罚金刑功效的不足。能动的司法应部分修正立法失衡的不足,而不应将这种失衡推向极致。     

韩国的石油进口、实际汇率与内生经济增长

本研究建立了包括人均实际GDP、原油与成品油的实际价格和进口量以及韩元实际汇率的多变量模型,检验能源约束是否会通过内生技术进步机制影响韩国的经济增长。运用1970～2008年年度数据进行的Johansen协整关系检验发现模型中的变量存在协整关系。Granger非因果关系检验进一步显示:原油进口价格对韩国经济的短期效应为负但长期效应为正,原油进口量的短期效应不显著但长期效应为正,而成品油进口价格和进口量的效应与之完全相反,为能源冲击会在长期促进资源匮乏国家内生经济增长的假说提供了经验性证据。