环境管理中经济刺激制度的运行机制——兼对“太湖蓝藻事件”的法律经济学分析

轰动全国的"太湖蓝藻事件"是2008年中国环境污染大事簿中无法令人释怀的一件。文章以该事件作为文章论述的引子,采法律经济学视角解读环境污染根源,着重分析建立在两大环境经济手段理论上的两大经典经济刺激制度的运行机制,即运用科斯定理的明晰产权制度和使用著名的"庇古税"理论的排污费制度。文章的创新在于摆脱了"枯燥"的理论讲解,以"太湖蓝藻事件"贯穿全文作为解读对象,运用理论解读太湖渔塘的产权问题、太湖渔民与化工企业的产权交易问题,以此对中国的环保管理政策与制度加以评述,并指出目前作为中国经济刺激制度的排污费制度的实质。     

走向“信息完美”——论科斯定理对庭审过程的启示

运用科斯定理可以对民事诉讼中双方当事人之间的“和解”要价进行定量分析,但是科斯定理分析问题的一个重要假设是“信息完美”,这在现实中是不存在的。博弈论认为策略行为的实质是博取“私人信息”,诉讼的发生率则与信息不对称有较大的关联。故庭审程序的设计应当要有利于各方获取他方的证据信息,便于当事人进行信息比较和估计;庭审过程则应便于当事人获取对称的决策信息为目标;法官在庭审过程中的作用其实就是引导当事人从不完美信息趋向完美信息。双方当事人会根据证据交换、庭审质证认证的情况并结合自己可以接受的成本和风险底限决定自己的强硬策略值最终达到策略均衡。这样方可有效提高和解率。     

Income transfers,entrepreneurial effort,and the Coase theorem: The case for efficiency reconsidered

The Coase theorem asserts that private bargaining can overcome the difficulties posed by an externality situation and lead to a first-best allocative solution. For such idealized efficiency to be achieved, however, it is generally recognized that certain very special conditions must be met—including the assumption of zero transaction costs. In opposition to this view, the paper argues that the special simplifying conditions usually specified in the literature are not sufficient. Unless stringent supplementary conditions are introduced, private bargaining will not bring about a first-best solution. Indeed, if the standard assumptions are met but the supplementary conditions of the paper are not, government intervention in the externality case can be expected to produce a solution that is Pareto superior to the one generated by private bargaining.     

An Evaluation of Statistical Methods for the Determination of Age of Death Using Dental Root Translucency and Periodontosis

Abstract: Lamendin and colleagues (1992) proposed to assess age‐at‐death from root translucency and periodontosis. Several teeth from the same individual were included in their study. In our work, we evaluate the reliability of their formulas without introducing this bias. Our sample was constituted of 214 individuals (114 males and 100 women) selected from the Terry collection (U.S.A.). The R² between age and both indicators is equal to 0.33 and 0.08 (p < 0.001). Based on linear regression, the mean of standard error for individual age prediction was equal to 13.67 years, and the mean interval length is equal to 53.89 years. Multinomial logistic regression and Bayesian approach failed to give satisfactory results when classifying the individuals in age categories. Therefore, the use of root translucency and periodontosis may lead to incorrect age‐at‐death assessment, and it is thus necessary to complement this approach with other techniques to assess age‐at‐death.     

股权优先购买权研究：交易成本视角

结合民法的基本理论和现实的股权交易实际存在的问题,从法经济学尤其是交易成本的角度,对现行《公司法》的有关立法规定进行检讨,股权优先购买权现行立法中存在制度缺陷和操作难度,从便利股权流转和保护交易、降低交易成本的目的出发,应完善现行的股权优先购买权制度。     

Votes and Outcomes: Rethinking the Politics-Like-Markets Metaphor

Legislative and political bodies seldom work like markets. This paper revisits the politics-like-market analogies considering the role of logrolling in political representation. These considerations will hopefully facilitate the assessment of the normative implications of the commodification of political consensus. While certainly corroding some of the aspirational and expressive qualities of the political system, logrolling would ensure a greater opportunity for cardinal preferences to be captured in political decision-making.     

WTO机制的法经济学分析

现行的多边贸易体制是以WTO为中心的贸易体制,这是一个将贸易自由化和贸易保护兼收并蓄的混合体制,这一多边贸易体制具有不可动摇的经济学基础。本文从法律经济学的视角分析了WTO规则的经济性,WTO机制体现的经济学内涵,探讨了WTO机制所具有的经济学含义的价值观。     

The evolution of externality rights: Flexibility versus ambiguity

Coase argued that externality rights should sometimes be flexible, but warned that ambiguity can also hinder market transactions. Flexible liability is not uncommon and can be shown to provide useful information under nonconvexity. At a global optimum, each side must be able to compensate the other. There are also limited incentive gains from flexible liability for private externalities. For public externalities, however, claims will be exaggerated when agents are risk seeking and understated when they are risk averse. Efficient specifications of right are thus unlikely to emerge from self-interested litigation alone.     

小波子空间的抽样定理

本文首先介绍了古典仙农抽样定理,然后回顾了小波分析和多尺度分析的历史;接着,从低通滤波器系数和小波的角度刻画了小波子空间中抽样定理成立的一个充要条件,并研究了它们的对称性。