黑龙江省走向俄罗斯市场的对策研究

对俄经贸合作在黑龙江省对外贸易合作中占十分重要的地位 ,对黑龙江省开放型经济的发展具有较强的牵动作用。从黑龙江省的产业结构特点、地缘优势及对俄经贸合作的实际出发 ,走向俄罗斯应是黑龙江省实施“走出去”战略的首选方向。主要合作领域应是石油天然气资源、森林资源的联合开发及农业合作。增加对俄投资、扩大承包工程和劳务输出规模、鼓励个体私营企业赴俄开展合作是今后一个时期黑龙江省走向俄罗斯的重要举措     

Urban Refugees in Nairobi: Problems of Protection, Mechanisms of Survival, and Possibilities for Integration

This article examines the legal status and economic livelihoodsof refugees in Nairobi, focusing on Somalis, the largest urbanpopulation residing in the city. The results of the study challengethe Government of Kenya's (GOK) official position and the popularlocal perception that refugees are an economic burden, and showinstead that these urban refugees are economically self-sufficient.Despite this economic independence, conditions for most refugeesin Nairobi are extremely difficult. Urban refugees live largelywithout material assistance or legal protection from the GOKor UNHCR, are vulnerable to police arrest at any time and facehigh levels of xenophobia from the local population. By highlightingrefugee self-sufficiency in Nairobi, this article lends supportto the idea of local integration as a viable, durable solutionto their situation of protracted exile.     

Commodities and Terrorist Financing: Focus on Diamonds

Commodities, trade, and natural resources have long been part of the political economy of conflict, as soldiers and militants usually employ accessible means and methods to raise funds unless there is a clash with honestly held religious or ideological positions. Reports about the role of commodities in the financing of terrorist groups cover many areas of legal and illicit trade, foremost among these diamonds. A brief background to the diamond industry, with particular attention to vulnerabilities and their exploitation in conflict areas, provides the necessary context for two case studies about al-Qaeda (AQ) and Hezbollah. These utilize primary and secondary data to explore the linkages between diamonds and these particular groups. We found conflicting and weak evidence as well as vague language to describe interfaces between terrorist groups and the diamonds trade. We conclude that while there is cause for concern that this industry can be used to support terrorist activity, deeper factual grounding, meaningful context, and a more nuanced understanding of the diamond industry are necessary to fully inform policy makers and law enforcement about the connections between terrorist finance and the commodities trade.Research on which this paper is based was sponsored by a National Institute of Justice (NIJ) grant for a study of "Terrorist Finance and the Nexus with Transnational Organized Crime: Commodities Trade and the Social Organization of al Qaeda Groups," grant no. 2003-DT-CX-0001. We would like to thank Christian Dietrich and an anonymous peer reviewer for their very constructive comments.     

论侵犯商业秘密罪的“重大损失”

刑法第二百一十九条规定的侵犯商业秘密罪的"重大损失",是一个比较抽象的定罪情节,有必要使用司法解释的方式加以具体化.但是最高人民检察院、公安部<关于经济犯罪案件追诉标准的规定>对"重大损失"的界定存在一定的问题,使得司法实践中出现的一些情况难以按照该规定处理,应该进一步完善.司法解释将刑法规定的"重大损失"限定为"直接经济损失",同时又没有说明其具体含义,适用起来会出现矛盾,应该改为经济损失,包括通常意义上的直接经济损失和间接经济损失;行为人的经营性收益不应当认定为权利人遭受的损失;行为人非法转让商业秘密获得的收益,应当认定为权利人受到的经济损失.     

Between the street and Aso Rock*: the role of Nigerian trade unions in popular protests

The trade unions’ instrumental role in four decades of successful popular resistance against subsidy removals is widely recognised, but insufficiently understood due to inadequate consideration of the particularities of labour. The subsidy contestations are considered a barometer of Nigerian politics, and the 2012 subsidy protests – often referred as Occupy Nigeria – was one of the largest popular mobilisations in Nigerian history. Whereas unionists described the outcome as a successful demonstration of popular sovereignty, other protesters blamed the unions for unfulfilled democratic opportunities and for succumbing to bribery. With labour theoretical perspectives, this article critically examines the trade unions’ positions, actions and relations during those protests. The article demonstrates, in practice, not only how the unions’ capacities to mobilise, strike and negotiate, were instrumental to the reinstatement of the subsidy, but also how trade unions’ agency is both enabled and constrained by labour's multiple embeddedness in state, civil society and the market.     

Free trade agreements and “economic territory” as a geoeconomic imaginary in South Korea

Since the early 2000s, the discourse of “economic territory” has surfaced in conjunction with economic neoliberalization in South Korea. This paper argues that economic territory as a geoeconomic imaginary not only facilitated the expansion of free trade agreements as an accumulation strategy but also served as a hegemonic project which masked the nature of an accumulation strategy as a class project and consolidated political legitimacy by manipulating nationalism. To examine this linkage, it critically draws upon the idea of cultural political economy (CPE) developed by Lancaster-based sociologists Bob Jessop and Ngai-Ling Sum. This paper offers a fresh and more substantial interpretation of South Korea’s political economy and opens up new analytical space for CPE.     

云计算对知识产权保护的若干影响

云计算作为变革性的信息技术,已对知识产权保护和若干知识产权制度产生了重要影响.与本地计算模式相比,云计算一方面可以更有效地防止著作权侵权,另一方面需要依赖于合同、技术措施、商业方法专利等手段提供综合性的补充保护.云计算会对合理使用原则、发行权穷竭原则构成挑战.云计算环境下,用户的商业秘密保护可能因为数据迁移困难而受到妨碍.由于云计算尚处于发展初期,还不能认为知识产权制度需要进行重大修改.     

探索工会劳动保护工作新机制

非公有制企业的快速发展,给工会劳动保护工作带来了新课题。工会应审时度势,开辟劳动保护新领域,探索劳动保护新方法,丰富劳动保护新载体。     

试论唐代船商的社会生活

唐代船商以客贩为主要经营方式 ,他们贩运四方行踪不定 ,逐渐使他们淡化了“恋家”观念 ,导致了多数船商家庭的不稳定。同时 ,虽然他们拥有雄厚的经济势力 ,但并没有得到社会的尊重 ,以致做下了种种不合时宜的举动 ;但也有一些有识之船商 ,为改变其社会处境促使其子弟走上了读书入仕的途径。另外船商还有经商生涯辛酸的一面。