英语语法的宏观思考

英语语法，从其历史发展看，它自诞生以来经历了盲从拉丁文、规定性、描写性等几个发展阶段，在描写性阶段又有完全以书面语、以书面语加某些口语以及完全以英语真实风貌的研究对象的几种情况；从其表现形式看，它有民族的、地域的、使用者的、文化规约的等人文特征；从其理论形态看，它阐述不完整、解解释，显得理论不足。文章指出，我们所知道的英语语法只是其整体中的很小一部分；高级阶段的英语语法教学可以从宏观角度来思考。     

The 'Taking Liberties' Exhibition at the British Library

The British Library is currently staging an exhibition, Taking Liberties, on the history of liberty and democracy in Britain. This article reviews the exhibition. Its verdict is that the BL has done an outstanding job. As well as displaying a wide range of original documents, and providing an enticing means of interaction for visitors, the exhibition reminds us that liberty continues to evolve and its meaning continues to be contested. By showing how the evolution of liberty in Britain has taken centuries, rather than decades, it also reminds us that when we rightly criticise newer democracies for their imperfections, we should remember that the liberties of their citizens have evolved at a far faster rate than we ever achieved.     

马克思主义法的本质观的历史演变

建设法治国家,必须对法的本质有一个清醒的认识。马克思主义对法的本质的论述,经过历代马克思主义者的不断探索实践,给我们提供了一个清晰的脉络。从马恩时期的理论奠基和创新、列宁的具体实现、毛泽东的民主革命实践、邓小平的理论转型、“三个代表”的探索创新,体现出马克思主义法的本质观在历史演变中的一脉相承、渐进发展、不断完善的过程,为我们深刻领会马克思主义法的本质观,正确认识法的本质,建设社会主义法治国家,具有重大的理论和现实意义。     

隐喻的深度：对恩格斯“历史合力论”的多维审视

恩格斯巧妙地运用隐喻，形象地说明了历史进程的实现方式，形成了著名的历史合力论。从合力构成要素、作用过程及作用结果对恩格斯的“历史合力论”进行多维视角审视。     

执法为民的法理与历史之初步思考

执法为民是公安机关执法思想的核心。本文从社会主义法的内在的本质的要求,公安机关的性质、地位、职能作用,传统民本思想的现实借鉴等方面,简述了执法为民的法理基础、历史基础及其人文精神底蕴,并认为要做到执法为民,必须认真解决思想观念、对人民群众的感情等问题。     

苏联战俘事务管理机构沿革(1939～1956)

二战期间,苏联俘获大量战俘,战俘的接收、安置、医疗服务、物资供给、劳动、政治教育和遣返等各方面事务均由苏联内务人民委员会战俘和被拘留人员事务管理总局负责。随着战场形势、战俘数量及战俘政策的变化,管理机构的名称、任务、职能、结构和规模均在发生变化。进入上世纪50年代,多数战俘已被遣返,管理局最终于1953年4月20日被撤销,其职能移交给了监狱管理局。在整个关押期间管理局较为重视战俘事务,在苏联国内经济状况好转的同时,战俘的关押条件也在逐渐改善,战俘发病率和死亡率逐年降低,劳动效率不断提高。     

Criminal Justice in a Democracy: Towards a Relational Conception of Criminal Law and Punishment

This article starts from the observation that in classical Athens the discovery of democracy as a normative model of politics has been from the beginning not only a political and a legal but at the same time a philosophical enterprise. Reflections on the concept of criminal law and on the meaning of punishment can greatly benefit from reflections on Athenian democracy as a germ for our contemporary debate on criminal justice in a democracy. Three main characteristics of the Athenian model will be analysed: the self-instituting capacity of a democracy based on participatory and reflective citizenship, political power as the capacity of citizens for co-operating and co-acting with others, and the crime of hubris as one of the key issues in Athenian criminal law. These analyses will lead to the conclusion that one of the key issues of a democratic legal order lies in its capacity of recognizing the fragility of the human condition and of developing workable and effective standards of justice in that context. A relational conception of criminal law and punishment, based on proportionality, reflexivity, mutual respect and responsibility fits best with a democracy under the rule of law.

当代中国"法治理论"三十年发展的省思

十一届三中全会以来,我国的法治理论经历了“法治”与“人治”之争、依法治国基本方略的确立以及社会主义法治理念的提出三个大的阶段。我国的法治理论有着鲜明的特色,即具备了满足中国的法治现实之需、以邓小平理论为指导、政府和学界的良性互动、借鉴西方国家的法治理论、百家争鸣的学术氛围以及理论界主体的回归等特征。这些特征又将把法治理论研究导向注重法治实践的具体方式和路径、关注中国的传统与现实等方向上。     

侦查学史视野下的我国侦查法制化探讨

侦查作为以国家强制力保证实施的活动,虽然在打击犯罪,维护统治,保护人民的过程中起着重要作用,但其天然带有暴力性和侵权性,由此必然呼唤法制对其进行规制。侦查学科的发展历史与其说是一个学科成熟的过程,倒不如说是促进侦查法制化的进程,侦查学科研究的每一步发展无不伴随着侦查法制化的身影。为此在侦查学史的研究视野下探讨我国侦查法制化的演进。     

MAGNA CARTA AND THE FUNDAMENTAL RIGHT TO DUE PROCESS

The 800th anniversary of Magna Carta has been marked by much pageantry and celebration. Some scholars have taken this opportunity to point out that the myth of Magna Carta is far greater than what the actual 1215 Charter managed to accomplish. Nevertheless, Magna Carta did make a meaningful and concrete contribution to due process in 1215, as shown by certain provisions that are seemingly overlooked by critics eager to downplay the Charter’s importance. This article highlights two lesser known clauses of Magna Carta that had real contemporary significance in guaranteeing the availability of jury trial for some categories of civil litigation. The ringing promises of Clauses 39 and 40 may have inspired great jurists and founders of nations, but the more humble Clauses 17 and 18 — specifying the proper location and manner of hearing certain civil cases — must also be taken into account in assessing the Charter’s importance.